Objective To evaluate the risk of gallbladder cancer (GBC) in patients with a porcelain gallbladder (PGB). Design Retrospective analysis of our institutional experience and a systematic review of the literature. Setting Academic teaching facility, Parkland Memorial Hospital, and the Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center (all in Dallas, Texas). Patients Medical records of 1200 cholecystectomies performed between 2008 and 2009 at Parkland Memorial Hospital, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and the Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center were reviewed. Patients with radiologic or histologic evidence of PGB or GBC were included. Main Outcome Measures The risk of GBC in patients with a PGB was assessed by contingency table analysis. Results We identified 13 patients with a PGB among 1200 cholecystectomies (1.1%). Most of these patients had concomitant gallstones (n = 9). None of the patients with a PGB had evidence of carcinoma. We also reviewed the histologic analysis results of 35 cases of GBC operated on between 1997 and 2009; none of these had gallbladder wall calcifications. Most patients underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy without any postoperative complications. We reviewed 7 published series that included 60 665 cholecystectomies. The overall incidence of PGB was 0.2%, and GBC occurred in 15% of the PGB cases. Most cases of GBC occurring in PGB were found in the older literature; in the contemporary series, there were few reports of GBC associated with a PGB. Conclusions Porcelain gallbladder is only weakly associated with GBC. Prophylactic cholecystectomy is not indicated for PGB alone and should be performed only in patients with conventional indications for cholecystectomy. A laparoscopic approach is appropriate for most patients with a PGB.

Reassessing the need for prophylactic surgery in patients with porcelain gallbladder: case series and systematic review of the literature.

Intestinal fistulae usually arise as a complication of abdominal surgery. Its treatment is complex and intestinal fistula-related morbidity and mortality is high. Fistula closure rates under conservative medical treatment vary between 24 and 72%. Octreotide and somatostatin reduce gastrointestinal, biliary and pancreatic secretion and increase intestinal water and electrolyte absorption. In recent years, octreotide and somatostatin have been associated with conservative medical treatment for patients with intestinal fistulae. Four placebo-controlled studies have been published within the past 6 years. The interpretation of their results is difficult because patient collectives were small and heterogeneous. In one study, somatostatin decreased fistula-related complications when compared to placebo, and in another study, octreotide decreased the healing time of intestinal fistulae and the time patients required total parenteral nutrition when compared to placebo. In contrast, the fistula closure rate, hospitalization time and mortality were not influenced by the use of octreotide or somatostatin in conservative medical treatment. In conclusion, octreotide and somatostatin actually cannot be recommended in the treatment of intestinal fistulae in settings outside of controlled trials.

Role of octreotide and somatostatin in the treatment of intestinal fistulae.

PURPOSE This paper presents an analysis of surgical treatment costs for left colostomy, aiming to calculate a medium cost per procedure and to identify the means to maximize the economic management of this type of surgicale procedure. MATERIALS AND METHOD A retrospective study was conducted on a group of 8 patients hospitalized in the 4th Surgery Department,Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, during the year 2012 for left colic neoplasms with obstruction signs that were operated on with a left colostomy. The followed parameters in the studied group of patients were represented by medical expenses, divided in: preoperative, intra-operative and immediate postoperative (postop. hospitalization). RESULTS Two major types of colostomy were performed: left loop colostomy with intact tumour for 6 patients and left end colostomy and tumour resection (Hartmann's procedure) for 2 patients. The medium cost of this type of surgical intervention was 4396.807 RON, representing 1068.742 euro. Statistic data analysis didn't reveal average costs to vary with the type of procedure. The age of the study subjects was between 49 and 88, with an average of 61 years, without it being possible to establish a correlation between patient age and the level of medical spendings. CONCLUSIONS Reducing the costs involved by left colostomy can be efficiently done by decreasing the number of days of hospitalisation in the following ways: preoperative preparation and assessment of the subject in an outpatient regimen; the accuracy of the surgical procedure with the decrease of early postoperative complications and antibiotherapy- the second major cause of increased postoperative costs.

Economic analysis of medical management applied for left colostomy.

/pdf/costes-colecistectomia-laparoscopica-frente-a-1guq97gx2c.pdf

Costes: colecistectomía laparoscópica frente a colecistectomía convencional

There are few publications related to postoperative morbidity in hepatic hydatidosis and these have mixed results. The aim of this study was to determine risk and protective factors of postoperative morbidity in patients operated on for hepatic hydatidosis. A comprehensive review was made of the evidence, based on systematic reviews, clinical analyses and observational studies, obtained from the Trip Database, BVS, SciELO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, WoS, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, EBSCOhost, IBECS, ePORTUGUESe, LILACS and WHOLIS. 1,087 related articles were identified; 69 fulfilled the selection criteria (2 systematic reviews, 3 clinical trials and 64 observational studies). Age, history of previous surgery for hepatic hydatidosis, location in the hepatic center, existence of biliary communications and evolutionary complications of the cyst were identified as risk factors, and radical surgical techniques as protective factors. Risk and protective factors were identified; however, the studies are few and the quality moderate to low.

Surgery for hepatic hidatidosis. Risk factors and variables associated with postoperative morbidity. Overview of the existing evidence.

The porcelain gallbladder is uncommon type of chronically inflamed gallbladder wall considered to be associated with a high frequency of adenocarcinoma and subsequently not suitable for a laparoscopic approach. In 12,000 patients chosen for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy 4 porcelain gallbladders were diagnosed. In 2 cases the laparoscopic approach was successful. One conversion was due to an unconfirmed suspicion of gallbladder cancer and the other one to a fistula between the gallbladder and the common bile duct. Patients with a preoperative diagnosis of porcelain gallbladder must not be excluded from the laparoscopic approach yet a low threshold for conversion must be maintained in those with a cancer suspicion.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for porcelain gallbladder

UNLABELLED Between 1990 and 2006 in the III-rd Surgical Clinic Cluj-Napoca, 366 pacients with hepatic hydatid cyst were admitted and underwent surgery; 81 (22.13%) of them, who had a cyst-biliary comunication, were retrospectively reviewed: 52 (64.2%) had an occult communications and 29 (35.8%) had a frank intrabiliary rupture. The sex ratio was M/F=46/35 with a mean age of 44.5 years and with ages between 17 and 73 years. Choledochotomy, evacuation of parasitic material and lavage of the CBP were performed in all patients with frank intrabiliary rupture. In 25 patients, partial pericystectomy and choledochoduodenostomy/T-tube drainage of CBP was performed. Internal drainage by a Roux-en-Y pericystectojejunostomy and biliodigestive anastomosis was carried out in 2 patients, while other two patients underwent external drainage of cystic cavity and T-tube drainage of CBP. 15 patients (51.7%) had postoperative external bile leaks (fistulas). Occult communications were managed by partial pericystectomy +/- narrowing of the residual cavity (capitonage with an omentum flap or invagination of the fibrosis capsule margins into the cavity) in 35 patients (67.3%) while in 10 patients (19.2%) internal drainage by a Roux-en-Y pericystectojejunostomy was carried out. Regional resection of the liver was performed in 4 cases (7.7%) and external drainage of residual cavity in 3 patients (5.7%). 13 patients (25%) had postoperative external bile leaks (fistulas). The mean postoperative hospitalisation was 20 days with the range 5-85 days. The mortality rate was 2.4% (2 patients): one died due to septicemia and MOFS and the other due to pulmonary thromboembolism. CONCLUSION Postoperative bile leaks (fistulas) fallowing conservative surgery of ruptured hydatid hepatic cyst into the biliary tract are not rare regardless of the type of rupture (frank or occult). Although the opening of the biliary duct is sutured, the risk of biliary fistulas is not clearly corelated with this approach; in such cases internal drainage provides a good alternative with low morbidity.

[Intrabiliary rupture of hepatic hydatid cysts: results of 17 years' experience].

PURPOSE We analyzed the clinical results of different techniques of resection for malignant colorectal (primary or staged) obstruction. METHODS The subjects of this retrospective nonrandomized clinical study were 165 patients with malignant colorectal occlusion who underwent surgery treatment in our Department between 2002-2006. Patients with peritonitis or treated by means of permanent colostomy, palliative anastomosis, primary Hartman resection and rectal excision were excluded. RESULTS Patients with large bowel obstruction caused by obstructive malignant colorectal lesions underwent either one-stage primary resection with anastomosis (77 patients) or staged interventions (88 patients). There were no differences in age, sex, comorbidities, tumor staging, serum preoperative levels of hemoglobin and proteins between the two groups of patients defined by the different surgical techniques. Regarding mortality and morbidity following surgical treatment for large bowel obstruction no significant difference among the two groups (p > 0.05) or the fistula rate (p = 0.435) was obtained. Moreover, results showed a higher incidence of mortality (11.8% vs 7.8%), morbidity (13.6 vs 10.4) and increased hospitalization period (p = 0.03) among the patients that undergone series resections. CONCLUSIONS One stage primary resections with anastomosis of the large bowel can be performed safely in case of emergency whenever patient comorbidities and local conditions do not stand as major restrictions.

[Management of colorectal resections for treatment of neoplastic intestinal occlusions. Experience of surgery clinic No III, Cluj-Napoca].

The aim of this study is to evaluate the morbidity and mortality in the surgical treatment of gastric cancer and the factors that could influencing them. We made a retrospective analysis of a group of 468 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma which have been operated in the 3RD Surgical Clinic-Cluj Napoca--01.01.1998-31.12.2003. We analyzed parameters related to patient, pTNM stage and type of treatment. Morbidity was significantly higher in these circumstances: elder patients, cases with lower serum levels of hemoglobin and total proteins, after Billroth II procedures; we found no significant differences of morbidity depending on gender, pTNM stage, type of intervention: simple or multiorgan resection, subtotal or total gastrectomy, radical or palliative procedure or only exploratory laparotomy, presence or absence of splenectomy or caudal pancreatectomy, D1 or D2 lymphadenectomy (in radical procedures), palliative resection or gastrojejunal bypass. Elder patients and male patients have had a mortality significantly higher; we found no significant differences of mortality depending on serum levels of hemoglobin and total proteins, pTNM stage, type of intervention: simple or multiorgan resection, subtotal or total gastrectomy, radical or palliative procedure or only exploratory laparotomy, presence or absence of splenectomy or caudal pancreatectomy, D1 or D2 lymphadenectomy (in radical procedures), type of restoring of the digestive continuity after subtotal gastrectomy, palliative resection or gastrojejunal bypass.

[Morbidity and mortality in gastric cancer surgery--analysis of 468 cases with gastric adenocarcinoma].

The aim of the conservative treatment of postoperative external digestive fistulae is to obtain a reduction of the output, thus favoring spontaneous closure and shortening outcome. A retrospective comparative study has been performed on two groups of patients with postoperative anastomotic gastrointestinal and pancreatic fistulae. Group A included 18 cases (14 anastomotic, 4 pancreatic fistulae) receiving conventional treatment only. Group B included 25 cases (18 anastomotic and 7 pancreatic fistulae) in which Sandostatin was associated to conventional therapy, using daily doses ranging from 0.1 mg to 0.3 mg, administered after variable intervals after fistulas' occurrence. Duration of treatment ranged from 1 to 25 days. In group A, 27.77% of the cases were cured in comparison with group B in which the healing rate increased to 56%. Global hospital mortality rate was 25.58% (11 cases). In group A this was 44.44% (8 cases) in comparison with group B with 12% (3 cases) only. As a conclusion of our study, the use of Sandostatin is remarkable effective in the treatment of external digestive postoperative fistulae. Thus a doubling of healing rate and a reduction by 73% of mortality rate was achieved.

Sandostatin treatment in postoperative external digestive fistulae

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