A selective, sensitive and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of etonogestrel (ENG) and ethinyl estradiol (EE) in human plasma. The analytes and their deuterated internal standards, ENG-d7 and EE-d4, were extracted from plasma samples by solid-phase extraction on HyperSep™ Retain PEP cartridges. The chromatographic analysis was performed on an Acquity UPLC HSS Cyano column, 100 A (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm), column using gradient mobile phase, acetonitrile and 2.0 mm ammonium trifluoroacetate at 0-1.7 min (65:35, v/v) and 1.8-2.7 min (95:5, v/v) with 0.250 mL/min flow rate. Analytes and IS protonated precursor → product ion transitions (ENG, m/z 325.2 → 257.2; EE, m/z 530.2 → 171.2; ENG-d7, m/z 332.2 → 263.2; EE-d4, m/z 534.2 → 171.2) were monitored on a Triple Quadrupole Mass spectrometer (TQMS), operating in multiple reaction monitoring and positive ionization mode. The calibration curves were established at 10.00-2500 pg/mL for ENG and 1.500-150.0 pg/mL for EE with a correlation coefficient (r2 ) ≥0.9996 for both. The validated method was successfully applied to support a bioequivalence study of 0.15 mg ENG and EE 0.03 mg tablet formulation, administered in 24 healthy Indian females. Method reliability was assessed by reanalysis of 94 incurred study samples.

/pdf/simultaneous-determination-of-etonogestrel-and-ethinyl-4a816sw6pk.pdf

Simultaneous determination of etonogestrel and ethinyl estradiol in human plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its pharmacokinetic study

Cathodic voltammetric behaviors of drospirenone and ethinylestradiol were used for the simultaneous determination of both drugs in bulk and in pharmaceutical formulation (Yasmin® tablets) without the interference of excipients. The determinations were made on hanging mercury dropping electrode using square-wave technique in a voltammetric cell containing 10 mL of 0.04 mole/L Britton-Robinson. After every aliquot addition, the solution was stirred for 10 s at 1000 rpm, rested for 10 s then square wave voltammetry mode was ramped from +100 to -1700 mV with scan rate of 100 mV/s, pulse amplitude of 50 mV and measurement time of 5 ms. Several factors such as pH, type of supporting electrolyte, pulse amplitude and scan rate were studied to optimize the condition for voltammetric determination of these drugs. With optimized experimental parameters, a good linearity was obtained for both drugs over a range of 1.36×10 -6 to 1.91×10 -7 mole/L and 6.75×10 -8 to 6.07×10 -7 mol/L of drospirenone and ethinylestradiol, respectively. Characterization of the proposed method was done according to International Conference on Harmonization, Q2B: Validation of Analytical procedures. The proposed method was statistically compared with the reference method and the results revealed no significant difference regarding accuracy and precision.

/pdf/square-wave-voltammetric-determination-of-drospirenone-and-1u2jnud8d1.pdf

Square-wave voltammetric determination of drospirenone and ethinylestradiol in pharmaceutical dosage form using square wave technique

RESUMEN En este trabajo, se propone un metodo simple y directo para la determinacion simultanea de sulfametoxazol y trimetoprim en formulaciones farmaceuticas por espectrofotometria derivada digital de segundo orden. Se incluye ademas, un estudio de la conducta espectral de estas drogas en diferentes solventes, con el objeto de seleccionar las condiciones optimas para su determinacion simultanea. Acetonitrilo fue utilizado como solvente para extraer las drogas desde las formulaciones farmaceuticas y luego evaluar directamente las segundas derivadas espectrales. Esta determinacion simultanea fue realizada por la aproximacion de \"zero crossing\" a 272,8 nm para la determinacion de sulfametoxazol y a 256,0 nm para la determinacion de trimetoprim. Se encontro un rango de determinacion para sulfametoxazol desde 6,31x10 -8 a 1,20x10-4 mol/L y para trimetoprim desde 2,47x10-7 a 1,20x10-4 mol/L siendo los limites de deteccion 1,89x10-8 mol/L para sulfametoxazol y 7,40x10-8 mol/L para trimetoprim. El metodo propuesto fue aplicado exitosamente en formulaciones farmaceuticas (tabletas). Ademas se realizo un estudio de la foto-estabilidad de ambas drogas con soluciones estandares y en formulaciones farmaceuticas reales

Spectral study and simultaneous determination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim by digital derivative spectrophotometry Estudio espectral y determinación simultanea de sulfametoxazol y trimetoprim por espectrofotometría derivada digital

Coronavirus 2019, more commonly known as COVID-19, was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. The β coronavirus culpable for the disease, SARS CoV-2, is known to be highly contagious with a relatively long incubation period of up to 14 days and is transmittable through small droplets, especially among people who are in close face-to-face contact. The Ministry of Health of Malaysia has recommended five days of quarantine for people who are positive for COVID-19 to avoid further disease transmission. Many resources are used to monitor patients throughout the quarantine period. Therefore, this project would like to present an IoT-enabled wearable device capable of monitoring COVID-19 quarantine patients by utilizing sensors to monitor the necessary health parameters and facilitate home quarantine. The low-cost ESP32 and Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense microcontrollers are used in this device. They are connected to various IoT sensors to collect temperature, humidity, and sound data. The data obtained will then be uploaded to an IoT platform for doctors to analyze and monitor remotely via the health log throughout the 5-day quarantine period. An alert system is also devised to inform the medical staff if the patient is experiencing abnormal symptoms. The medical staff can then bring their attention to the patient and take the necessary actions to combat COVID-19. 

Smart Machine Learning-based IoT Health and Cough Monitoring System

\n\nAt present, no one can imagine drug development, marketing and post-marketing without\nrigorous quality control at each stage. Only modern, selective, accurate and precise analytical methods\nfor determination of active compounds, their degradation products and stability studies are able to assure\nthe appropriate amount and purity of drugs administered every day to millions of patients all over\nthe world. For routine control of drugs simple, economic, rapid and reliable methods are desirable. The\nmajor focus of current scrutiny is placed on high-performance thin layer chromatography and derivative\nspectrophotometry methods, which fulfill routine drug estimation’s expectations [1-4]. The present\npaper reveals state-of-the-art and possible applications of those methods in pharmaceutical analysis\nbetween 2010 and 2018. The review shows advantages of high-performance thin layer chromatography\nand derivative spectrophotometry, including accuracy and precision comparable to more expensive and\ntime-consuming methods as well as additional fields of possible applications, which contribute to resolving\nmany analytical problems in everyday laboratory practice.\n

Recent Applications of High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and Derivative Spectrophotometry in Pharmaceutical Analysis

A new method for the determination and extraction of ethinyl estradiol and etonogestrel was developed for a pharmaceutical product consisting of a solid copolymer intrauterine ring for subsequent simultaneous quantification by ultraviolet-visible derivative spectrophotometry. The spectral variables were optimized for first derivative spectrophotometry with a smoothing factor of 4000 and an amplification factor of 10,000. A wavelength of 291.5 nm was selected for the determination of ethinyl estradiol by a graphical method, while for etonogestrel, zero-crossing was used at 249.5 nm. The limits of detection and quantification for ethinyl estradiol were 9.5 × 10−7 and 9.0 × 10−6 mol/L and 1.1 × 10−6 and 3.2 × 10−6 mol/L for etonogestrel, respectively. For the extraction method, the variables affecting the analytical signal were the extraction solvent, temperature, and extraction time; optimized conditions were 180 min at 76 ± 2°C in acetonitrile. The method was applied successfully for the first time to anal...

Determination of Etonogestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol from an Intrauterine Contraceptive Ring by Extraction and Derivative Spectrophotometry

The spread of the virus caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been designated as an extraordinary event so that the government to speed up the collection and management of this disease then appoints several hospitals that serve as referral hospitals for people who want to check themselves. One of the hospitals used as a reference by the government in West Sumatra is Andalas University hospital. In just one day, the hospital received thousands of samples for examination. The number of samples to be examined and the limited number of administrations that conduct data collection results in the length of the sample collection process. This article aims to design and implement an information system in the data collection of Swab Covid-19 using waterfall model system development methods. The requirement testing model is used for testing a web-based Covid 19 swab data information system whether it is in accordance with system users' needs analysis and design.

https://ijasce.org/index.php/IJASCE/article/download/75/106

Utilizing Requirement Testing Methods on Web-Based Swab Data Information System

Flood is one of the annual disasters in many places. It has not been well-managed yet both pre-disaster and post-disaster. Image processing and machine learning are commonly utilized for disaster management systems such as forecasting any potential flood by monitoring the water level in rivers and dams. However, it has a limited framework to be implemented as a strategic plan in flood management. Thus, this study aims to develop a framework for image processing and machine learning utilization for flood management. This study involves Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia as a sample. It was conducted in three stages; 1) categorize the strategic plans and policies; 2) gather relevant literature; 3) analyze data. As findings, this study proposes a framework consisting of enhanced disaster preparedness, improved coping capacity, and completion of post-disaster reconstruction and rehabilitation. Involvement of the government, researchers and industry are mandatory. Government and researchers should collaborate to establish policies and regulations. Researchers should conduct studies with financial support from the industry. Meanwhile, the industry should be a public-private partnership with the government. In addition, the involvement of the private sector and the government are important factors that must exist to support research in this field.

A Framework of image processing and machine learning utilization for flood disaster management

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Papers

Determination of Etonogestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol from an Intrauterine Contraceptive Ring by Extraction and Derivative Spectrophotometry

Utilizing Requirement Testing Methods on Web-Based Swab Data Information System

A Framework of image processing and machine learning utilization for flood disaster management