/pdf/pedospheric-sorption-investigation-of-sulfonyl-urea-76odz23465.pdf

Pedospheric sorption investigation of sulfonyl urea herbicide Triasulfuron via regression correlation analysis in selected soils

Earthworms encourage the mineralization of soil organic matter, the production of nutrients and the growth of plants through their feeding habits in the soil. But unsustainable development along with rapid urbanization and industrialization degrades the soils at an alarming rate which increases the level of different contaminants, i.e., heavy metals in the soil. The present study was conducted to assess the heavy metals, pH and organic carbon in agricultural, non-agricultural and industrial soils and their effects on the earthworm community structures. A total of seven earthworm species belonging to two families (Megascolecidae and Octochaetidae) were reported in this study. The earthworm species Metaphire posthuma was the most abundant in all collected soils, i.e., agricultural, non-agricultural and industrial soil with a relative abundance of 76.56%, 77.19% and 78.85%, respectively. The abundance and biomass of M. posthuma were in the order of agricultural soil > non-agricultural soil > industrial soil. It was also reported that the abundance of both anecic and endogeic species was higher in agricultural soils followed by non-agricultural and industrial soil. The findings of heavy metals indicated that industrial soil has the highest concentration of heavy metals followed by non-agricultural and agricultural soils. The contamination factor, enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, pollution index and modified pollution index showed high, moderate and less pollution levels at industrial, non-agricultural and agricultural soil, respectively. The present study also  indicated that Cd and As showed severe contamination in all studied soil types.

Assessment of heavy metal contamination and its effect on earthworms in different types of soils

Fluctuation in amino acids content in Triticum aestivum L. cultivars as an indicator on the impact of post-emergence herbicides in controlling weeds

Soil contamination at electronic waste (e-waste) recycling sites is pervasive, though many locations have yet to be studied. While such contamination can present risks to soil organisms, little is known on the risks to native species. The objective of the present study was to assess soil contamination by heavy metals at e-waste recycling sites, and the potential of Alma nilotica, a native earthworm species, to bioaccumulate these metals. Soil samples collected from eight informal e-waste recycling sites and two non-e-waste sites in Douala, Cameroon, were analyzed for metal content. Metal concentrations in earthworm juveniles exposed to the soils for 21 days followed by a 14-day post-exposure period were measured weekly. Mean soil metal concentrations at e-waste sites ranked as Cu > Pb > Zn > Hg > Ni > As > Cd > Co > Cr. Based on contamination factors, soil contamination ranged from "moderate" (Cr), through "considerable" (Co and Cd), to "very high" for the rest of the metals. Based on the modified degree of contamination and risk index, all e-waste sites had "ultra-high" contamination with Ni, Pb, and Zn posing very high ecological risks and Bonaberi being the most contaminated site. There was a positive correlation between soil metal concentrations and metal accumulation (retention) by eathworms, but Hg and Co had the highest bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) despite having low soil concentrations. These results document that e-waste sites in Douala are contaminated with metals and that native earthworm species can bioaccumulate the studied metals at levels that could account for the toxic effects earlier recorded. With e-waste recycling growing worldwide, there is a need for more data, especially from understudied locations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:356-368. © 2021 SETAC. 

Soil Contamination and Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals by a Tropical Earthworm Species (Alma nilotica) at Informal E‐Waste Recycling Sites in Douala, Cameroon

Herbicides reduce the unsafe effects of weeds, but they are likely to have negative impact on essential and secondary metabolism in crops. However, the combined effect of different herbicides on chemical constituents of different varieties of wheat is still not fully obvious. The current investigation was carried out to determine the effects of three post-emergence herbicides (pinoxaden, tribenuron-methyl, and pyroxsulam) on total protein, lipid, and carbohydrate concentrations of three bread wheat cultivars (Misr 1, Giza 171, and Gemmiza 11). These herbicides were added individually and in combinations at recommended and/or half recommended doses. Our findings revealed that the individual application of herbicides decreased total protein and total lipid concentrations in fresh shoots of the three studied wheat cultivars, but increased total carbohydrate concentration. Combined addition of herbicides at recommended and half recommended doses generally decreased the concentrations of total proteins, total lipids, and total carbohydrates. However, the combined addition of tribenuron-methyl and pinoxaden at recommended dose enhanced total protein and total lipid concentrations under Misr1 and Gemmiza 11 cultivars compared to control treatment. Furthermore, the combined addition of tribenuron-methyl and pyroxsulam at half recommended dose enhanced total protein concentration in Giza 171 up to 15.05% and Gemmiza 11 up to 15.09% cultivars, and total lipid concentration in Misr 1 (7.53%) and Giza 171 (9.81%) cultivars against control treatment, where it was the lowest. Total carbohydrate concentration was enhanced by the sole application of pinoxaden by 53.55%, 52.40%, and 51.79% for Misr 1, Giza 171, and Gemmiza 11 cultivars, respectively. Moreover, individual or combined additions of the studied pesticides at recommended and half recommended doses negatively affected wheat grains under all cultivars via decreasing their concentration of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) as well as total protein and total carbohydrates. The highest reduction of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations compared to control was observed when tribenuron-methyl+pyroxsulam was applied at the half recommended dose under the three studied cultivars. However, the combined application of tribenuron-methyl+pyroxsulam at the half recommended dose caused the great depression in total proteins and total carbohydrates of wheat grains. Under the stress effect of herbicides, individual application of pinoxaden gave the best results for nitrogen and potassium content as well as total protein and total carbohydrate concentrations in the three studied wheat grain cultivars.

Do the herbicides pinoxaden, tribenuron-methyl, and pyroxsulam influence wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) physiological parameters?

Among the pests infesting potato crops, green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) represents one of the most virulent insects. A survey was conducted in different potato fields in Kosovo during 2000-2001 growing season to assess Myzus persicae build up and distribution. In this respect, the survey was set up in three most important localities for potato production in Kosovo: Vucitrn, Podujevo and Dragash. Aphid monitoring was conducted using the common method of aphid-leaf count (Raman, 1984). Based on the results of the survey, significant differences in aphid build up and distribution were observed with regard to the surveyed localities, years of survey and their interaction.

/pdf/monitoring-of-myzus-persicae-sulzer-in-potato-fields-in-ys5h71e1hs.pdf

Monitoring of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) in potato fields in Kosovo

/pdf/the-effect-of-herbicides-on-the-chemical-content-of-wheat-55e3ud587o.pdf

The effect of herbicides on the chemical content of wheat grain

The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd) in the liver and gills of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) growing in Badovci and Batllava Lakes in Kosovo. Sixty healthy fish were collected from March to June 2016. The concentrations of metals in fish’s organs were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Higher values of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd in the livers and gills were observed in individuals from Badovci Lake. Statistically significant differences in Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd in the livers and gills were found between Badovci and Batllava Lakes. The Kishnica mine in the vicinity of Badovci Lake likely contributes to the high concentrations of these heavy metals in the water and fish. The results of this research will be useful for risk assessment by relevant institutions responsible for the monitoring and surveying of environmental pollution and food security and safety in Kosovo.

Assessment of heavy metal contamination in some organs of the common carp growing in lakes in kosovo

During the growing season 2006 and 2007 eight potato varieties from Netherlands: Kondor (as standard check), Agria, Agata, sinora, Virgo, Aladin, Armada and Romano), were tested in the fields of the Agricultural Research Institute of Peja. The experiment was conducted at two most important agro-climatic regions for potato production in Kosova, Vitomirica (Dukagjini plain) and Pestova (Kosova plain). The experimental design was a randomized block design in three replications. All the varieties were treated in the same manner from planting till harvesting. Potato tubers of two inner rows were analyzed for parameters such as tuber yield, dry matter content and some other relevant parameters. The obtained results have shown that there are highly significant differences as for the tuber yield and dry matter content, among tested potato varieties. The highest tuber yield was realized with variety Aladin (32.89 kg) while the lowest with variety Riviera (26.19 kg). The highest content of dry matter was realized with variety Agria (19.92%) and the lowest one with variety Armada (12.26%). The results of other parameters like colour of skin, colour of flesh, disintegration of the flesh after cooking, crisps and pomfrit were shown to be different with regard to the varieties under testing.

Tuber yield and other relevant parameters of some Netherlands potato varieties in agro-climatic conditions of Kosova.

Distribution of the aphids in potato crop in the climatic condition of Kosovo.

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