System reliability developments in structural engineering

Concrete is one of the most widespread construction materials in the world, but its production is responsible for significant amounts of energy consumption, and even greater greenhouse gas emissions. However, the substitution of Portland cement with fly ash (FA) reduces both the energy consumption and the greenhouse gas emissions generated during the production of clinker. Currently, most studies of FA concrete focus on mechanical properties, sustainability assessments (environment, society and economy) of FA during its life cycle have not been reported. This paper presents a life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) that brings together environmental, economic and social impacts using a proposed three-dimensional coordinate diagram to combine the different units into a single sustainable value. The assessment method is applied to different substitutions of FA in concrete to ascertain the optimum substitution percentage across these three factors. Monte Carlo simulation is then used to evaluate the durability of concrete structures with different FA addition in order to calculate their service life. A case study is conducted of a bridge structure with different FA substitutions; this demonstrates that the addition of FA would improve the sustainability of concrete significantly in the short term. However, when the durability and service life of the structure are taken into account, without maintenance, the use of FA concrete may not improve the environment performance due a potentially shortened service life, but it can reduce the social burden and save costs significantly over the long term.

/pdf/life-cycle-sustainability-assessment-of-fly-ash-concrete-2kniplfxds.pdf

Life cycle sustainability assessment of fly ash concrete structures

Structural resistance moments by quadrature

In this paper, a global limit state function for load-carrying capacity of structural system is firstly set up, in which the margin of safety is the difference between the limit base shear of structural system and the total horizontal seismic action. To probabilistically assess the global seismic capacity of structure, a new point estimation method (PEM) for analyzing statistical moments of complex random function is put forward, and then it is combined with deterministic finite element analysis to produce the so-called “random pushover analysis (RPA)”. On the basis of the above new methodologies, a semi-analytical approach which integrates the improved point estimation method, pushover analysis and first order reliability method (FORM) is developed to analyze the nonlinear seismic reliability of structure as a global system. By applying the proposed approach in R.C. frame structure, the changing rules of the global seismic reliability of the structure with the coefficient of variation of the total seismic action and correlation coefficient of storey-level seismic forces are derived. It is demonstrated by a numerical example that the newly developed method in this paper is simple, practical and efficient compared with MCS, and that it has the same accuracy as MCS.

/pdf/global-seismic-reliability-analysis-of-building-structures-r9tde8mvcx.pdf

Global seismic reliability analysis of building structures based on system-level limit states

Direct Estimates of Structural System Reliability

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Direct Estimates of Structural System Reliability