海洋微生物群に対する3種類の油流出処理剤の効果(Marine Pollution Bulletin,10,1979)

Afforestation has been suggested as a means of improving soil and water conservation in north-western China, especially on the Loess Plateau. Understanding of the hydrological responses to afforestation will help us develop sustainable watershed management strategies. A study was conducted during the period of 1956 to 1980 to evaluate runoff responses to afforestation in a watershed on the Loess Plateau with an area of 1·15 km2, using a paired watershed approach. Deciduous trees, including locust (locusta L.), apricot (praecox L.) and elm (ulmus L.), were planted on about 80% of a treated watershed, while a natural grassland watershed remained unchanged. It was estimated that cumulative runoff yield in the treated watershed was reduced by 32% as a result of afforestation. A significant trend was also observed that shows annual runoff reduction increases with the age of the trees planted. Reduction in monthly runoff occurred mainly from June to September, which was ascribed to greater rainfall and utilization by trees during this period. Afforestation also resulted in reduction in the volume and peak flow of storm runoff events in the treated watershed with greater reduction in peak flow. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Runoff responses to afforestation in a watershed of the Loess Plateau, China

In the UK, as elsewhere in Europe, bees are valued not only for the honey and wax that they produce, but also for the pollination service that they provide to the majority of our crops and wild flowers. However, no estimate of their value in economic terms has been made in recent years.

The economic value of bees in the UK (Beekeeping in a Nutshell No. 51)

This Editorial to the BESAFE special issue introduces the project and its approach and case studies. The BESAFE (EC 7th Framework programme) project investigated how the effectiveness of different types of arguments for biodiversity conservation depends on the context in which they are used. Our results show that tailoring of argumentation to audience within the course of decision processes is the main factor determining effectiveness. We consistently found arguments linked to intrinsic value (e.g. moral or ethical obligation arguments) as shared and supported widely, and thus offering common ground between parties. Economic arguments are effective as additional ones, but not as replacements. Next generation biodiversity conservation strategies can probably improve their effectiveness by emphasizing and better explaining the synergies between traditional conservation and especially regulating and cultural services.

/pdf/making-a-better-case-for-biodiversity-conservation-the-106un8nlj8.pdf

Making a better case for biodiversity conservation: the BESAFE project

The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment distinguishes between supporting, regulating, provisioning, and cultural ecosystem services. We focus on three services, namely the provision of timber, the regulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and the supporting service of bee pollination for coffee production. Possible trade-offs between the different ecosystem services might result in a reduced attractiveness of afforestation projects when taking pollination services into account. We found that economic losses due to a limited reduction of tree density of a Cordia alliodora plantation can be overcompensated by generating pollination services to adjacent coffee agroforestry systems. Thus, for moderate silvicultural interventions such trade-offs do not necessarily occur. Including additional ecosystem services such as biological pest control or seed dispersal, which are also associated with the enhanced functional biodiversity in less dense tree plantations, might further emphasize the hump-shaped relationship between tree density and forest revenues.

Economic trade-offs between carbon sequestration, timber production, and crop pollination in tropical forested landscapes

Final report on relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem services and values in case studies

https://purews.inbo.be/ws/files/11523329/BESAFE_D4.1_Part_I_Final.pdf

Final report on relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem services and values in case studies: PART I: Literature review of the relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem services and values

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Final report on relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem services and values in case studies

Final report on relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem services and values in case studies: PART I: Literature review of the relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem services and values