A synchrotron X-ray radiography study of dendrite fragmentation induced by a pulsed electromagnetic field in an Al–15Cu alloy

The phase-field method has recently emerged as the most powerful computational tool for simulating complicated dendrite growth. However, these simulations are still limited to two-dimensional or small three-dimensional spaces; therefore, to realistic and practical dendritic structures, it is crucial to develop a large-scale phase-field simulation technique. This review discusses the phase-field modeling and simulations of dendrite growth from the fundamental model to cutting-edge very-large-scale simulations. First, phase-field models for the dendrite growth of pure materials and binary alloys and their histories are summarized. Then, models and studies of interface anisotropy, polycrystalline solidification, and solidification with convection, which are very important in dendritic solidification, are reviewed. Finally, by introducing very-large-scale phase-field simulations performed recently using a graphics processing unit supercomputer, the power, potential and importance of the very-large-scale phase-field simulation are emphasized.

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Phase-field Modeling and Simulations of Dendrite Growth

Recent improvements in detectors combined with the eminent brightness and collimation offered with modern synchrotron sources open the way forin situ X-radiographic investigations of solidification fundamentals and phenomena in real alloys at resolutions approaching regular video microscopy. Here, the authors present observations on dendrite fragmentation from columnar fronts in Al-Cu and subsequent transport phenomena. From directional solidification experiments it has been found that the tendency for crystal fragments to detach by remelting of branch roots in the mush dendrite network strongly depends upon the relative buoyant and settling motions of crystal fragments and mush liquid, respectively. At the copper concentrations studied (20 to 30 wt pct), primary aluminum dendrites are lighter than the melt and solidification experiments parallel and anti-parallel to gravity show significant differences in detachment tendency. The experimental results compare well with three different models proposed for fragmentation at different mush locations; however, the results also demonstrate that these models differ substantially both with respect to detachment frequency and the ability for detached fragments to cause eventual columnar to equiaxed transitions. Under particular conditions it has been found that crystal fragmentation could lead to an alternating mesoscale segregation.

Crystal fragmentation and columnar-to-equiaxed transitions in Al-Cu studied by synchrotron X-ray video microscopy

This is the first account of the history of our understanding of, and ability to model, solidification microstructures. Its objective is to retrace the scientific steps made, from the earliest obse...

Progress in modelling solidification microstructures in metals and alloys: dendrites and cells from 1700 to 2000

Multiphase solidification in multicomponent alloys is pertinent to many commercial materials and industrial processes, while also raising challenging questions from a fundamental point of view. Within the past few years, research activities dedicated to multiphase solidification of ternary and multicomponent alloys experienced considerable amplification. This paper gives an overview of our present understanding in this field and the experimental techniques and theoretical methods research relies on. We start with an introduction to thermodynamic databases and computations and emphasize the importance of thermophysical property data. Then, we address pattern formation during coupled growth in ternary alloys and cover microstructure evolution during successive steps of phase formation in solidifying multicomponent alloys. Subsequently, we review advances made in phase field modeling of multiphase solidification in binary and multicomponent alloys, including various approaches to crystal nucleation and growth. Concluding, we address open questions and outline future prospects on the basis of a close interaction among scientists investigating the thermodynamic, thermophysical and microstructural properties of these alloys.

/pdf/multiphase-solidification-in-multicomponent-alloys-o00hhttwz6.pdf

Multiphase solidification in multicomponent alloys

Direct beam x-ray imaging, with intense coherent monochromatic synchrotron radiation and a fast readout low noise detector has been used for in situ studies of cellular and dendritic solidification of Sn-Pb alloys. Temporal and spatial resolutions down to $\ensuremath{\sim}0.7\mathrm{s}$ and $\ensuremath{\sim}2.5\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$, respectively, with a field of view up to $1{\mathrm{mm}}^{2}$ were obtained. The collected images display features from both phase and amplitude contrast which, combined with the attainable temporal resolution, provide a method with the potential to uncover dynamic processes in nonequilibrium solidification.

Time Resolved X-Ray Imaging of Dendritic Growth in Binary Alloys

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Time Resolved X-Ray Imaging of Dendritic Growth in Binary Alloys