Mobile users and applications are putting pressure on wireless network operators to improve the seamless handover of devices and services. Strong business competition for subscribers, along with the ever increasing availability of wireless networks will give nomadic and mobile users the opportunity, and systems the power, to make better handover decisions. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the literature on mobility management architectures for seamless handover of mobile users in heterogeneous networks. We describe the design rationale for selected architectures, with an in-depth analysis of their main goals, assumptions, and requirements. We also provide directions for further work in this field by highlighting the mandatory requirements and the features of future architectures. We then present a new architecture called Context-Aware Mobility Management System (CAMMS). CAMMS is a new cross-layer, context-aware and interactive approach to seamless handover of users and services. With that proposal, we identified the essential functional entities that must be part of future architectures.

Vertical Mobility Management Architectures in Wireless Networks: A Comprehensive Survey and Future Directions

A survey of QoE assurance in converged networks

Next generation networks will comprise different wireless networks including cellular technologies, WLAN and indoor technologies. To support these heterogeneous environments, there is a need to consider a new design of the network infrastructure. Furthermore, this heterogeneous environment implies that future devices will need to roam between different networks using vertical handover techniques. When a mobile user moves into a new foreign network, data confidentiality and mutual authentication between the user and the network are vital issues in this heterogeneous environment. This article deals with these issues by first examining the implication of moving towards an open architecture, and then looking at how current approaches such as the 3GPP, HOKEY and mobile ethernet respond to the new environment while trying to address the security issue. The results indicate that a new authentication and key agreement protocol is required to secure handover in this environment. Casper/FDR, is used in the analysis and development of the protocol. The proposed protocol has been proven to be successful in this heterogeneous environment.

/pdf/a-formally-verified-aka-protocol-for-vertical-handover-in-5adi8j0upo.pdf

A formally verified AKA protocol for vertical handover in heterogeneous environments using Casper/FDR

In order for next generation networks to support effective handover procedures, there is a need for defining QoS signaling mechanisms that guarantee the provision of point- to- point as well as network level QoS. This paper proposes a QoS signaling mechanism to be implemented by the Y-Comm architecture as a potential 4G framework. The proposed mechanism requires certain level of cooperation among network elements; therefore, it proposes some functional modules/ interfaces to be run on different network entities. As showed in the paper, the proposed mechanism could be implemented in different scenarios such as initial registration and connection, and also in the case of handover.

/pdf/a-qos-framework-for-heterogeneous-networking-1wesk3u4tv.pdf

A QoS framework for heterogeneous networking

Although IEEE 802.16 has emerged as one of the major candidates for next generation networks, it is also clear that in the near future the combination of several technologies will be required. In this sense, the support of mobility in heterogeneous environments, addressing broadband wireless, is one of the main requirements in next generation networks. This paper evaluates an architecture based on the recently standardized IEEE 802.21 framework, integrating both mobility and Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms, through an advanced mobility scenario using a real WiMAX testbed. This architecture supports seamless mobility in broadband wireless access (BWA) networks, integrates different technologies, such as WiMAX and Wi-Fi, and thus, it is suitable for next generation network environments. The results, obtained through real experimentation of the implemented architecture, show that it is able to provide QoS under dynamic scenarios, with fast integrated QoS and mobility signaling.

Advanced Mobility in Broadband Wireless Access Scenarios

IEEE 802.16 networks provide mechanisms for QoS support at MAC level, but end-to-end QoS issues are not addressed in detail in the standards. This paper presents an analysis and an experimental validation of a comprehensive solution that describes and implements end-to-end QoS in networks with IEEE802.16e segments. A complete QoS model has been specified, defining the traffic descriptors, the QoS parameters and the resource management functions for networks with WiMAX access. This QoS model has been applied to the next step in signalling (NSIS) protocol suite and its impact has been evaluated on end-to-end QoS when heterogeneous network domains are involved. This work is based on the of results of activities focussed on the study of signalling protocols, carried out within the EU Integrated Project WEIRD (WiMAX extension to isolated research data networks).

A QoS Model Based on NSIS Signalling Applied to IEEE 802.16 Networks

The increase will of ubiquitous access of the users to the requested services points towards the integration of heterogeneous networks. In this sense, a user shall be able to access its services through different access technologies, such as WLAN, Wimax, UMTS and DVB technologies, from the same or different network operators, and to seamless move between different networks with active communications. In this paper we propose an end-to-end QoS architecture able to support this users' ubiquitous access and seamless movement. This architecture is able to support QoS on unicast and multicast services, as well as in unicast and broadcast unidirectional networks, in multihomed environments. The integration of measurements for aid in admission control, inter-domain QoS approach, and integration with mobility is also presented.

Context-Aware End-to-End QoS Architecture in Multi-technology, Multi-interface Environments

This paper analyses the current developments in terms of telecommunication networks design and investigates their limits concerning the control and management of multicast flows. An innovative approach is then introduced to extend the current architectures, so far mainly focused on unicast services, to handle multicast and broadcast services in a heterogeneous networks environment. The proposed solution aims at guaranteeing End-to-End QoS, efficiently handling the underlying network resources and integrating the emerging broadcast technologies in both intra and inter-domain scenarios. The paper is centered on the results achieved within the IST/FP6 Integrated Project DAIDALOS II (Designing Advanced network Interfaces for the Delivery and Administration of Location independent, Optimized personal Services ).

QoS Management of Multicast and Broadcast Services in Next Generation Networks

One main trend in 4th generation networks (4G) is to provide a common and scalable framework for seamless communication through a number of access technologies, wired and wireless, including unidirectional technologies such as DVB. In this paper we present an architecture for seamless mobility and QoS for the integration of unidirectional networks like DVB, featuring ubiquitous access and seamless mobility.

Support of mobility and QOS in broadcast unidirectional networks

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Papers

A QoS Model Based on NSIS Signalling Applied to IEEE 802.16 Networks

Context-Aware End-to-End QoS Architecture in Multi-technology, Multi-interface Environments

QoS Management of Multicast and Broadcast Services in Next Generation Networks

Support of mobility and QOS in broadcast unidirectional networks