We determine the elements of the leptonic mixing matrix, without assuming unitarity, combining data from neutrino oscillation experiments and weak decays. To that end, we first develop a formalism for studying neutrino oscillations in vacuum and matter when the leptonic mixing matrix is not unitary. To be conservative, only three light neutrino species are considered, whose propagation is generically affected by non-unitary effects. Precision improvements within future facilities are discussed as well.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1126-6708/2006/10/084/pdf

Unitarity of the Leptonic Mixing Matrix

This document reports on a series of experimental and theoretical studies conducted to assess the astro-particle physics potential of three future large scale particle detectors proposed in Europe as next generation underground observatories. The proposed apparatuses employ three different and, to some extent, complementary detection techniques: GLACIER (liquid argon TPC), LENA (liquid scintillator) and MEMPHYS (water Cherenkov), based on the use of large mass of liquids as active detection media. The results of these studies are presented along with a critical discussion of the performance attainable by the three proposed approaches coupled to existing or planned underground laboratories, in relation to open and outstanding physics issues such as the search for matter instability, the detection of astrophysical neutrinos and geo-neutrinos and to the possible use of these detectors in future high intensity neutrino beams.

/pdf/large-underground-liquid-based-detectors-for-astro-particle-5js5dg0x93.pdf

Large underground, liquid based detectors for astro-particle physics in Europe: scientific case and prospects

An analysis of the revised physics needs and recent progress in the technology of superconducting RF cavities have led to major changes in the specification and in the design for a Superconducting Proton Linac (SPL) at CERN. Compared with the first conceptual design report (CERN 2000–012) the beam energy is almost doubled (3.5 GeV instead of 2.2 GeV), while the length of the linac is reduced by 40% and the repetition rate is reduced to 50 Hz. The basic beam power is at a level of 4–5 MW and the approach chosen offers enough margins for upgrades. With this high beam power, the SPL can be the proton driver for an ISOL-type radioactive ion beam facility of the next generation (‘EURISOL’), and for a neutrino facility based on superbeam C beta-beam or on muon decay in a storage ring (‘neutrino factory’). The SPL can also replace the Linac2 and PS Booster in the low-energy part of the CERN proton accelerator complex, improving significantly the beam performance in terms of brightness and intensity for the benefit of all users including the LHC and its luminosity upgrade. Decommissioned LEP klystrons and RF equipment are used to provide RF power at a frequency of 352.2 MHz in the lowenergy part of the accelerator. Beyond 90 MeV, the RF frequency is doubled to take advantage of more compact normal-conducting accelerating structures up to an energy of 180 MeV. From there, state-ofthe-art, high-gradient, bulk-niobium superconducting cavities accelerate the beam up to its final energy of 3.5 GeV. The overall design approach is presented, together with the progress that has been achieved since the publication of the first conceptual design report.

/pdf/conceptual-design-of-the-spl-ii-a-high-power-superconducting-lgidwo0047.pdf

Conceptual design of the SPL II : A high-power superconducting $H^-$ linac at CERN

We study the potential of a Neutrino Factory in constraining the parameter space of a scheme with one sterile neutrino separated from three active ones by an O(1) eV2 mass-squared difference. We present approximated analytic expressions for the oscillation probabilities, showing that the greatest sensitivity to sterile neutrinos at a Neutrino Factory can be achieved using the νμ → νμ and the νμ → ντ oscillations. We have studied two setups: a Neutrino Factory with 50 GeV (20 GeV) stored muons, with two detectors of the Hybrid-MIND type (a magnetized ECC next to a magnetized iron calorimeter), located at L = 3000, 7500 km (L = 4000, 7500 km) from the source. Four channels have been used: νe → νμ,ντ; νμ → νμ,ντ. The relevant backgrounds, efficiencies and systematic errors have been taken into account, and we have discussed dependence of the sensitivities on the systematic errors. We have found that the 50 GeV (20 GeV) setup can constrain sin2 2θ(4fam)13 ≤ 7 × 10−5 (2 × 10−4); θ34 ≤ 12° (14°); and θ24 ≤ 7.5° (8°). Our results hold for any value of Δm2SBL0.1 eV2. Eventually we have shown that, if a positive signal is found, the proposed setup is able to measure simultaneously θ34 and δ3 with a precision of few degrees and few tens of degrees, respectively, solving the so-called "intrinsic" and "sign degeneracies". Combination of νμ disappearance and of the νμ → ντ channel, that will be called "the discovery channel'', at the two baselines is able to measure at 99% CL a new CP-violating phase δ3 for sin2 2θ34 ≥ 0.06.

The discovery channel at the Neutrino Factory: $\nu_\mu\to\nu_\tau$ pointing to sterile neutrinos

The phenomenon of neutrino oscillation has been firmly established: neutrinos change their flavor in their path from their source to observers. This paper is dedicated to the description of experimental results in the oscillation field, of their present understanding and of possible future developments in experimental neutrino oscillation physics.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0034-4885/71/10/106201/pdf

Experimental results on neutrino oscillations

The Neutrino Factory is a new concept for an accelerator that produces a high-intensity, high-energy beam of electron and muon neutrinos – the ultimate tool for neutrino oscillation studies and the only machine conceived up today that could help detect CP violation of leptons. The basic concept of the Neutrino Factory is the production of neutrinos from the decay of high-energy muons. Due to their short lifetime, these muons have to be accelerated very fast. Several new accelerator techniques, like a high-intenstiy proton linac, high-power targets, ionization cooling or recirculating muon linacs are required. This paper presents a snapshot of the accelerator design at CERN. Although some aspects of this European Neutrino Factory Scheme have been optimised for the CERN site, the basic principle is siteindependent.

/pdf/the-study-of-a-european-neutrino-factory-complex-487vqs6y3y.pdf

The study of a european neutrino factory complex

The activities of BENE during 2004 and 2005 are reviewed Neutrino oscillation experiments at accelerators offer the richest possibilities of precision studies of neutrino mixing and mass differences, with the potential of important discoveries including leptonic CP or T violation Two main options for a major initiative have been studied: 1) a high-energy Neutrino Factory coupled to a large dense magnetized detector; 2) a lower energy betabeam and conventional superbeam, coupled to a very large low-density, non-magnetic, detector Both offer significant scientific breakthroughs over other planned facilities Much remains to be done to optimize and establish the cost, performance, and feasibility of either solution so as to allow comparison and decision The proposal of a FP7 Design Study of a Neutrino Facility to be completed by the end of the decade is being prepared Its success will require strong support and engagement at CERN and other European laboratories and funding agencies International contributors are already engaged in the framework of an international scoping study The recommendations and milestones proposed by BENE towards a complete conceptual design are summarized

/pdf/beams-for-european-neutrino-experiments-bene-midterm-5apk6dsmzw.pdf

Beams for European Neutrino Experiments (BENE) - Midterm scientific report

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The study of a european neutrino factory complex

Beams for European Neutrino Experiments (BENE) - Midterm scientific report