Sustainable management of cabbage aphids, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major goal for collard, Brassica oleracea (L.) var. acephala (Brassicaceae), growers globally. Host finding ability of insect pests is significantly affected by diversified cropping systems, and this approach is being utilized currently as a pest management tool. Soil nutrition and its interaction with the cropping systems could have a significant effect on the general performance of collards and the infestation by cabbage aphids. In a search for a sustainable cabbage aphid control, a two-season field experiment was carried out with two intercrops, collards and chilli, Capsicum frutescens (L.) (Solanaceae), and collards and spring onions, Allium cepa (L.) (Alliaceae), and a collard monoculture. For each of the cropping systems, nitrogen (N) was applied to the soil as a top-dress at 20, 25, 30, and 35 g per collard plant. The response factors monitored were collard yield (fresh weight) and aphid infestation on collards. Spring onion-collard intercrop had the lowest aphid density and the highest yield. Collard monoculture had the highest aphid infestation and the lowest yield. High levels of N led to increased infestation of collards by aphids, but also led to a significant increase in the yield of collards. Significant interactions between the N rates and the cropping systems were observed on some sampling dates, with the highest yield being realized under a combination of spring onion-collard intercrop at a N rate of 30 g per plant. High aphid density led to a decrease in the yield of collards. It was concluded that with a spring onion-collard intercrop, the soil N level could be raised from the blanket rate of 20―30 g per plant and this would lead to an increase in yield.

Effects of integrating companion cropping and nitrogen application on the performance and infestation of collards by Brevicoryne brassicae

A field experiment was carried out during 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 seasons at Hada Al-Sham experimental Farm of King A/Aziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The objective was to evaluate the effect of some chemical fertilizers on productivity and nutritive value ofSorghum Sudanense Var. Panar intercropped with Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) in an adverse condition of soil and irrigation water. The chemical fertilizers applied were 50 kg/ha of urea (46%N), 50 kg/ha of triple superphosphate (46% P), 50 kg/ha of KNO3, 50 kg/ha of NPK (20:20:40) and a control for check. Sudan grass and Cowpea were sown as sole crops and as a mixture. Treatments were laid out in a split plot design with the fertilizer treatments in the main plots and the intercropping treatments in the subplots. Parameters measured were plant height and nutritive value for the Sudan grass, fresh and dry yields and the land equivalent ratio (LER). The chemical fertilizers had no significant (P ≤ 0.05) effect on productivity but significantly improved forage quality. Intercropping of Sudan grass and Cowpea significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased forage productivity and improved forage quality and land equivalent ratio (LER). Cowpea was not a good competitor as it disappeared following the first cut in the first season.

	 

	Key words: Chemical fertilization, intercropping, cowpea, sorghum forage, Sudan grass, salinity, land equivalent ratio (LER)

https://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380726403_Abusuwar and Bakshawain.pdf

Effect of chemical fertilizers on yield and nutritive value of intercropped Sudan grass ( Sorghum Sudanense ) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) forages grown in an adverse environment of western Saudi Arabia

Considering the potential impact of climate change on the ecology of insect pests, different planting dates and cropping patterns were investigated as farm-level adaption to control insect pests of cabbage and improve productivity. This is a 3 × 4 factorial experiment setup in randomized complete block design including three planting dates (early, normal and late) and four cropping patterns (control—sole cabbage or tomato, tomato intercrop, Piper emulsion and insecticide) with four replications each. Cabbage infestation ranged from 1 to 29 and correlated negatively with planting dates or treatments, which differed (P < 0.001) significantly across planting dates, treatments and their interaction, with the highest during early planting. Diamondback moth larvae correlated negatively with planting dates or treatments, ranging from 0 to 13 that differed significantly (P < 0.001) across planting dates, treatments and their interaction. Looper larvae correlated negatively with treatments, ranging from 0 to 8 that differed significantly (P < 0.001) across planting dates, treatments and their interaction, with highest during normal planting and lowest during late planting. Webworm larvae correlated negatively with planting dates or treatments, ranging from 0 to 13 that differed significantly (P < 0.001) across planting dates, treatments and their interaction. The number of sprouted plants ranged from 0 to 6 and differed significantly (P < 0.001) across planting dates, treatments and their interaction, with the highest in early planting for control that differed significantly from late planting. Cabbage yield correlated positively with planting dates and ranged from 2.8 to 6.0 tons per hectare that differed significantly (P < 0.001) across planting dates, treatments and their interaction, with the highest during normal and late planting dates. The interaction of planting dates and Piper emulsion or intercropping treatments can be effectively used as control measure for insect pests of cabbage leading to greater yield, with late planting as viable farm-level adaptation to climate variability.

/pdf/effects-of-climate-variability-on-insect-pests-of-cabbage-3qes42kxsq.pdf

Effects of climate variability on insect pests of cabbage: adapting alternative planting dates and cropping pattern as control measures

Dual-purpose cowpea production is a common component of many tropical and sub tropical subsistence farming systems. Under such systems, cowpea leaves are harvested for vegetable use at the vegetative stage of the plants and seeds later at crop maturity. Little information exists on effects of leaf harvesting frequency on subsequent yields and economic returns of the many dual-purpose cowpea based cropping systems. This study investigated the effects of harvesting cowpea leaves at every 7-days or 14-days interval on leaf vegetable and grain yields and profitability of a sole dual-purpose cowpea and a dual-purpose cowpea-maize intercrop. Harvesting cowpea leaves at 7-days interval gave higher leaf vegetable yield with both cropping regimes. Grain yields were higher for 14-days compared to 7-days leaf harvesting frequency. The highest grain yields were obtained in none leaf harvested control cowpea. Maize yields in intercrop treatments were highest when leaves of the companion cowpea were harvested at 7-days interval and lowest when no leaf harvesting was done to the companion cowpea. Harvesting cowpea leaves at 7-days interval resulted in higher gross margins with both cropping regimes. Profitability correlated positively with leaf vegetable and grain yields. Gross margins were also higher for intercropping compared to sole cropping in both seasons.

Yields and profitability of a dual-purpose sole cowpea and cowpea-maize intercrop as influenced by cowpea leaf harvesting frequency

Aim: To improve cabbage production by controlling cabbage pests using locally produced organic pesticide and cabbage-tomato intercropping. Methodology: Four treatments (control, cabbage-tomato intercropping, organic and synthetic pesticides) were evaluated for their potential to control cabbage pests and improve performance. Results: Cabbage pest infestation correlated negatively with treatments (r = −0.95), ranging from 2–23 infested plants across treatments that differed (P = .001) significantly, with highest in control compared to other treatments (P = .05). Diamondback moth ranged from 1–10 per plant and differed (P = .001) significantly across treatments, with highest in control compared to other treatments (P = .05). Looper larvae correlated negatively with treatments (r = −0.62), ranging from Original Research Article Tanyi et al.; JAERI, 13(4): 1-12, 2017; Article no.JAERI.38815 2 0–8 per plant and differed (P = .05) significantly across treatments, with highest in control compared to other treatments (P = .05). Snails ranged from 34–91 per treatment and differed (P = .001) significantly across treatments, with highest in control and lowest in organic compared to other treatments (P = .05). The number of sprouted cabbage plants ranged from 0–5 per treatment and differed (P = .001) significantly across treatments, with highest in control compared to other treatments (P = .05). Sprouted cabbage correlated negatively with treatments (r = −0.93) and correlated positively with pest infestation (r = 0.81), diamondback moth (r = 0.71) and looper (r = 0.58). Cabbage yield ranged from 3.2–6.0 t ha and differed (P = .05) significantly across treatments with the lowest in control and highest in intercropping (P = .05). Cabbage yield correlated negatively with diamondback moth (r = −0.62), looper (r = −0.63) and sprouted cabbage (r = −0.62). Conclusion: Piper emulsion and intercropping effectively controlled cabbage pests while intercropping additionally increased cabbage yield.

Comparative Effects of Piper guineense Emulsion and Cabbage-Tomato Intercropping for Controlling Cabbage Pests and Improving Performance

Collard (Brassica oleracea var. acephala D.C) is an important source of income to many smallscale farmers in Kenya and also is a major dietary component for many Kenyans. The production of collards is, however, constrained by several pests, with diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) larvae being the major pest. Control of the diamondback moth larvae has mainly been by chemical sprays, which has resulted in the problem of pest resistance and pollution to the environment. This study was, therefore, an attempt to look into alternative environmentally friendly ways of controlling diamondback moth larvae in collards. Two studies were conducted in Egerton University, Tatton Farm, Njoro, Kenya to determine the effects of intercropping and nitrogen application on the diamondback moth larvae population and damage, and yield of collard. Intercropping collard with either beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or onions (Allium cepa) significantly lowered moth larvae populations and damage on collard leaves compared to unsprayed collard monocrop. Overall, the lowest larvae population and damage was recorded in insecticide sprayed collard monocrop. Nitrogen application increased diamondback moth damage on collard, but did not affect larvae populations. Intercropping increased crop output per unit area of land, measured by land equivalent ratios. Considering the harmful effects associated with synthetic insecticides, these results indicate that intercropping collard with either beans or onions can be effectively used to suppress diamondback moth larvae population and damage in collards. 
Key Words: Cropping systems, IPM, LER, Plutella xylostella 
Resume Le collier (Brassia oleracea var. acephala D.C) est une importante source de revenue pour les nombreux petits fermiers au Kenya et aussi un majeur composant alimentaire pour beaucoup des Kenyans. La production du collier est cependant contrainte par plusieurs insectes, avec les papillons nocturnes Plutella xylostella comme l'insecte majeur. Le controle des larves de Plutella xylostella a ete principalement par pulverisation des particles chimiques laquelle a engendre le probleme de resistance des insectes et la pollution de l'environnement. Ainsi donc, cette etude etait une tentative de voir des voies alternatives, environnementalement favorables, de controle de population et degâts des larves de Plutella xylostella dans les colliers. Deux etudes etaient conduites a l'Universite d'Egerton, et dans les fermes de Talton et de Njoro au Kenya pour determiner les effets d'intercultures et l'application de l'azote sur la population et les degâts des larves de plutella xylostella et le rendement de colliers. L'interculture de collier avec d'autres haricots (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ou les oignons (Allium cepa) a significativement baisse les populations et les degâts des larves de Plutella xylostella sur les feuilles de colliers compare a la monoculture de collier non pulverise. Globalement, la faible population et degâts etait enregistres dans la pulverisation d'insecticide en monoculture de collier. L'application d'azote a augmente les degâts de Plutella xylostella sur les colliers, mais n'avait pas affecte les populations des larves. L'interculture a augmente la production des plantes par unite de surface de terre, mesuree par rapports a l'equivalent de terre. Considerant les effets nuisibles associes avec les insecticides synthetiques, ces resultats indiquent que l'interculture de collier avec les autres haricots ou oignons peut etre effectivement utilisee pour supprimer la population et degâts des larves de Plutella xylostella dans les colliers. 
Mots Cles: Systemes de cultures, IPM, LER, Plutella xylostella 

(Af Crop Sci J 2003 Vol 11 No 1 pp35-42)

Intercropping and nitrogen management effects on diamondback moth damage and yield of collards in the highlands of kenya

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

F. M. Itulya

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Intercropping and nitrogen management effects on diamondback moth damage and yield of collards in the highlands of kenya