This BAT reference document for the Iron and Steel Production forms part of a series presenting the results of an exchange of information between EU Member States, the industries concerned, non-governmental organisations promoting environmental protection and the Commission, to draw up, review, and where necessary, update BAT reference documents as required by Article 13(1) of the Directive on industrial emissions (2010/75/EU). This document is published by the European Commission pursuant to Article 13(6) of the Directive.

Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document:for:Manufacture of Glass:Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU:(Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)

An air separation unit separates air into an oxygen-rich and oxygen-deficient gas. Fuel gas and the oxygen-rich gas are preheated at heat exchangers through which hot flue gas flows. Combustion of the preheated fuel and oxygen-rich gases result in the hot flue gas. The hot flue gas is cooled at the heat exchangers and flows through a waste heat boiler. Water and/or steam flowing through the waste heat boiler absorbs energy from the cooled flue gas thereby producing heated steam. The heated steam flows through a turbine to produce power. The power is transferred to the air separation unit, thus reducing a power requirement of the air separation unit needed to separate the air.

Integrated heat recovery systems and methods for increasing the efficiency of an oxygen-fired furnace

A plurality of independently flow rate-controlled flows of fuel may be preheated at a heat exchanger (or both oxidant and fuel at separate heat exchangers) by heat exchange with a hot shell-side (heat transfer) fluid. The separate flows of hot fuel are directed to associated separate burners where they combust with flows of fuel to produce hot combustion gases. The hot combustion gases are used to preheat the hot shell-side fluid at a recuperator or regenerator.

Method and system for heat recovery from products of combustion and charge heating installation including the same

Glass in an energy intensive industry, and while fuel savings are found with oxy-fuel melting compared to preheated air combustion, an energy audit of an oxy-fuel melter indicates that approximately only 60% of the energy is directly used for melting glass. The remaining 40% of the energy is lost through the furnace superstructure and mostly by the flue gases, which contain up to 30% of the total energy input into the furnace. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility and potential energy savings available with various heat recovery processes on oxy-fuel melters. The possible uses of the flue gas have been classified in three distinct areas: combustion modifications, co-production and input preheating. Estimations show that oxygen and fuel savings of 5-15% are possible.

Processes for heat recovery and energy savings in oxy-fired glass furnaces : A technology survey

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Processes for heat recovery and energy savings in oxy-fired glass furnaces : A technology survey