The Space Plasma Environment Research Facility (SPERF) is a new ground-based experimental device for fundamental research studies on space plasma currently under construction at Harbin Institute of Technology in China. Scientific objectives of the SPERF include studying the asymmetric reconnection dynamics relevant to the interaction between the interplanetary and magnetospheric plasmas, reproducing the inner magnetosphere to simulate the processes of trapping, acceleration, and transport of energetic charged particles restrained in a dipole magnetic field configuration, and revealing the physical mechanism of the dipolarization front in the magnetotail. The device comprises a vacuum chamber, 11 coils consisting of 18 groups of sub-coils that are independently programmablely energized, and the plasma source system to provide the magnetic field and the plasma required by the physical experiments. Thus, each of these 18 groups of sub-coils requires a separate pulsed power supply; furthermore, the 18 pulsed power supplies constitute the pulsed power supply system of the SPERF of which the total storage energy is up to 18.3 MJ, and the technical challenges have to be overcome. The power supply energizing a dipole field coil (labeled OJC coil) wired by the copper wire to provide a dipole magnetic field is the most energetic power supply (labeled OJC power supply) with a 2.42 MJ, 16.8 mF capacitor bank charged to 20 kV. The OJC power supply delivers a current with a peak of 18 kA for a rise time of ∼26.69 ms, and the duration of the current is not less than 95% of the peak over 10 ms to the OJC coil. Meanwhile, the most challenging power supply is the power supply labeled poloidal field power supply with a 5.04 mF capacitor bank charged to 20 kV, which provides the excitation current for the load coil set with the current not less than 360 kA at the typical time of 0.11 ms to produce the sufficient growth of the magnetic field that the experiments need. In this paper, the overall design of the pulsed power supply system, the design concept of the modularization, and the principle selection basis of the key components are presented. The technical details of each power supply will be demonstrated in the future.

An 18.3 MJ charging and discharging pulsed power supply system for the Space Plasma Environment Research Facility (SPERF). I. The overall design.

A design point is presented here for a prototype fusion neutron source for waste transmutation ( n/s), based on the adiabatic compression of a compact torus (spheromak). The design utilizes the CORSICA (2D equilibrium) and NIMROD (3D time-dependent MHD) codes as well as analytic modeling with target parameters Rinitial = 0.5 m, Rfinal = 0.167 m, Tinitial = 0.4 keV, Tfinal = 4 keV, ninitial = 2 × 1020 m–3 and nfinal = 50 × 1020 m–3, with radial convergence of C = 3. 3D time-dependent simulations of spheromak compression agree well with analytic models for adiabatic compression, if the run-in time . Knowing required, we design coils and passive structure (with CORSICA) to ensure stability; then design the capacitor bank needed to both form the target plasma and drive coils. We specify target parameters for the compression in terms of plasma beta, formation efficiency and energy confinement.

Adiabatic Compression of a Compact Torus

3D asymmetric magnetic reconnection is an important investigation of the Space Plasma Environment Research Facility, which is being built as a user facility at the Harbin Institute of Technology in China. Four magnetosheath coils, which consist of Poloidal Field (labeled PF) coils and Toroidal Field (labeled TF) coils, are used to generate the magnetic field and plasma environment for the reconnecting experiment. A capacitor-based pulsed power supply (PPS) system with a modular design is developed to excite the magnetosheath coils to generate the required amplitude and duration of the magnetic field. The PPS system includes the PF PPS and TF PPS, which include four sets of PPSs, respectively. Each set of PF PPS and TF PPS consists of nine modules and four modules, respectively, and each module consists of a charge and discharge unit. The PF PPS can provide a pulsed current of no less than 360 kA for the corresponding PF coil at 0.11 ms when the charging voltage is 20 kV, and the duration of the pulsed current from the peak to 10% of the peak is no more than 0.6 ms. The TF PPS can provide a pulsed current of no less than 200 kA for the corresponding TF coil at 0.08 ms when the charging voltage is 20 kV, and the duration of the pulsed current from the peak to 10% of the peak is no more than 1.6 ms. The detailed design of the PPS has been discussed in this paper, and the detailed design of the main components in the discharge unit of the PPS is also given in this paper. Finally, the discharge tests of all the PPSs are carried out to verify the design of the PPSs, and the results of the PPSs in discharge tests indicate that all the PPSs meet the design requirements.

An 18.3 MJ charging and discharging pulsed power supply system for the Space Plasma Environment Research Facility (SPERF): The subsystem for the magnetic perturbation coils.

The onset of magnetic reconnection in space, astrophysical and laboratory plasmas is reviewed discussing results from theory, numerical simulations and observations. After a brief introduction on magnetic reconnection and approach to the question of onset, we first discuss recent theoretical models and numerical simulations, followed by observations of reconnection and its effects in space and astrophysical plasmas from satellites and ground-based detectors, as well as measurements of reconnection in laboratory plasma experiments. Mechanisms allowing reconnection spanning from collisional resistivity to kinetic effects as well as partial ionization are described, providing a description valid over a wide range of plasma parameters, and therefore applicable in principle to many different astrophysical and laboratory environments. Finally, we summarize the implications of reconnection onset physics for plasma dynamics throughout the Universe and illustrate how capturing the dynamics correctly is important to understanding particle acceleration. The goal of this review is to give a view on the present status of this topic and future interesting investigations, offering a unified approach.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/2CC742530540A52D8A13177F0735BF98/S0022377820001373a.pdf/div-class-title-onset-of-fast-magnetic-reconnection-and-particle-energization-in-laboratory-and-space-plasmas-div.pdf

Onset of fast magnetic reconnection and particle energization in laboratory and space plasmas

In the past decades, laboratory experiments have contributed significantly to the exploration of the fundamental physics of space plasmas. Since 1908, when Birkeland invented the first terrella device, numerous experimental apparatuses have been designed and constructed for space physics investigations, and beneficial achievements have been gained using these laboratory plasma devices. In the present work, we review the initiation, development, and current status of laboratory plasma devices for space physics investigations. The notable experimental apparatuses are categorized and discussed according to the central scientific research topics they are related to, such as space plasma waves and instabilities, magnetic field generation and reconnection, and modeling of the Earth’s and planetary space environments. The characteristics of each device, including the plasma configuration, plasma generation, and control method, are highlighted and described in detail. In addition, their contributions to reveal the underlying physics of space observations are also briefly discussed. For the scope of future research, various challenges are discussed, and suggestions are provided for the construction of new and enhanced devices. The objective of this work is to allow space physicists and planetary scientists to enhance their knowledge of the experimental apparatuses and the corresponding experimental techniques, thereby facilitating the combination of spacecraft observation, numerical simulation, and laboratory experiments and consequently promoting the development of space physics.

Laboratory plasma devices for space physics investigation

The Facility for Laboratory Reconnection Experiments (FLARE) is an intermediate laboratory experiment currently under construction at Princeton University by a consortium of five universities and two Department of Energy (DoE) national laboratories, located at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL). The goal of FLARE is to provide experimental accesses to new regimes of the magnetic reconnection process and related phenomena directly relevant to heliophysics, astrophysics, and fusion plasmas. The device comprises a vacuum chamber and 9 coils sets that are independently programmable to provide the poloidal and toroidal magnetic fields required to form plasma and study the effects of magnetic reconnection. Each of these 9 coil sets requires a separate pulsed power system, it is the design of the power systems that is reported here. The 9 separate pulsed power systems combine to produce over 5.5MJ of energy to the experiment and each presented their own unique challenges. The most energetic power system is a 3.4MJ, 19.2mF capacitor bank charged to 20kV that provides the guide field, with a rise time of approximately 12ms it delivers an average peak current of 40kA over 5.3ms to 12 coils wired in series. The poloidal field coils consist of two separate coilsets each requiring 540kA peak current which is produced by two 20kV, 2.64mF capacitor banks. The design of the two driver coilsets each charged to 60kV will also be presented.

Design of 5.5MJ charge dump power supply for the PPPL FLARE experiment

FLARE: a New User Facility for Studies of Magnetic Reconnection Through Simultaneous, in-situ Measurements on MHD Scales, Ion Scales and Electron Scales

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Design of 5.5MJ charge dump power supply for the PPPL FLARE experiment

FLARE: a New User Facility for Studies of Magnetic Reconnection Through Simultaneous, in-situ Measurements on MHD Scales, Ion Scales and Electron Scales