This paper is part of the Prelaunch status LFI papers published on JINST (this http URL). 
Planck's Low Frequency Instrument is an array of 22 pseudo-correlation radiometers at 30, 44, and 70 GHz. Before integrating the overall array assembly, a first set of tests has been performed for each radiometer chain assembly (RCA), consisting of two radiometers. In this paper, we describe Rachel, a software application which has been purposely developed and used during the RCA test campaign to carry out both near-realtime on-line data analysis and data storage (in FITS format) of the raw output from the radiometric chains.

LFI Radiometric Chain Assembly (RCA) data handling "Rachel"

The Level 1 of the Planck LFI Data Processing Centre (DPC) is devoted to the handling of the scientific and housekeeping telemetry. It is a critical component of the Planck ground segment which has to strictly commit to the project schedule to be ready for the launch and flight operations. In order to guarantee the quality necessary to achieve the objectives of the Planck mission, the design and development of the Level 1 software has followed the ESA Software Engineering Standards. A fundamental step in the software life cycle is the Verification and Validation of the software. The purpose of this work is to show an example of procedures, test development and analysis successfully applied to a key software project of an ESA mission. We present the end-to-end validation tests performed on the Level 1 of the LFI-DPC, by detailing the methods used and the results obtained. Different approaches have been used to test the scientific and housekeeping data processing. Scientific data processing has been tested by injecting signals with known properties directly into the acquisition electronics, in order to generate a test dataset of real telemetry data and reproduce as much as possible nominal conditions. For the HK telemetry processing, validation software have been developed to inject known parameter values into a set of real housekeeping packets and perform a comparison with the corresponding timelines generated by the Level 1. With the proposed validation and verification procedure, where the on-board and ground processing are viewed as a single pipeline, we demonstrated that the scientific and housekeeping processing of the Planck-LFI raw data is correct and meets the project requirements.

A systematic approach to the Planck LFI end-to-end test and its application to the DPC Level 1 pipeline

The ESA Planck mission is the third generation (after COBE and WMAP) space experiment dedicated to the measurement 
of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies. Planck will map the whole CMB sky using two instruments in 
the focal plane of a 1.5 m off-axis aplanatic telescope. The High Frequency Instrument (HFI) is an array of 52 bolometers 
in the frequency range 100-857 GHz, while the Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) is an array of 11 pseudo-correlation 
radiometric receivers which continuously compare the sky signal with the reference signal of a blackbody at ~ 4.5 K. 
The LFI has been tested and calibrated at different levels of integration, i.e. on the single units (feed-horns, OMTs, amplifiers, 
waveguides, etc.), on each integrated Radiometric Chain Assembly (RCA) and finally on the complete instrument, 
the Radiometric Array Assembly (RAA). In this paper we focus on some of the data analysis algorithms and methods that 
have been implemented to estimate the instrument performance and calibration parameters. 
The paper concludes with the discussion of a custom-designed software package (LIFE) that allows to access the 
complex data structure produced by the instrument and to estimate the instrument performance and calibration parameters 
via a fully graphical interface.

http://cosmo.fisica.unimi.it/assets/Mennella/Publications/proceedings/2006_tomasi_spie.pdf

Data analysis of the Planck/LFI ground-test campaign

Planck's Low Frequency Instrument is an array of 22 pseudo-correlation radiometers at 30, 44, and 70 GHz. Before integrating the overall array assembly, a first set of tests has been performed for each radiometer chain assembly (RCA), consisting of two radiometers. In this paper, we describe Rachel, a software application which has been purposely developed and used during the RCA test campaign to carry out both near-realtime on-line data analysis and data storage (in FITS format) of the raw output from the radiometric chains.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-0221/4/12/T12017/pdf

LFI Radiometric Chain Assembly (RCA) data handling 'Rachel'

In this paper we present the test results of the qualification model (QM) of the LFI instrument, which is being 
developed as part of the ESA Planck satellite. In particular we discuss the calibration plan which has defined 
the main requirements of the radiometric tests and of the experimental setups. Then we describe how these 
requirements have been implemented in the custom-developed cryo-facilities and present the main results. We 
conclude with a discussion of the lessons learned for the testing of the LFI Flight Model (FM).

/pdf/calibration-and-testing-of-the-planck-lfi-qm-instrument-4kjtlyu5rh.pdf

Calibration and testing of the Planck-LFI QM instrument

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Calibration and testing of the Planck-LFI QM instrument