A simplified numerical model for simulation of floodplain inundation resulting from naturally occurring floods in rivers is presented. Flow through the river is computed by solving the de Saint Venant equations with a one-dimensional (1D) finite volume approach. Spread of excess flood water spilling overbank from the river onto the floodplains is computed using a storage cell model discretized into an unstructured triangular grid. Flow exchange between the one-dimensional river cells and the adjacent floodplain cells or that between adjoining floodplain cells is represented by diffusive-wave approximated equation. A common problem related to the stability of such coupled models is discussed and a solution by way of linearization offered. The accuracy of the computed flow depths by the proposed model is estimated with respect to those predicted by a two-dimensional (2D) finite volume model on hypothetical river-floodplain domains. Finally, the predicted extent of inundation for a flood event on a stretch of River Severn, United Kingdom, by the model is compared to those of two proven two-dimensional flow simulation models and with observed imagery of the flood extents.

Coupled 1D–Quasi-2D Flood Inundation Model with Unstructured Grids

Routing is a technique used to simulate and predict changes in water flow along a river or channel. There are several hydraulic flow routing methods that model channel flow with high accuracy using lots of data related to channel geometry and specifications, thus making calculations very expensive. In contrast, hydrologic methods are techniques that simplify the calculation of flow conditions in a channel reach. In this paper, a stage hydrograph is modeled in simple and compound channels by genetic programming (GP) as a hydrologic method that does not depend on channel geometry and specifications, channel shape, and modeling time step. Routed hydrographs for simple and compound channels are then compared with a river analysis system model (HEC-RAS) and a coupled characteristic-dissipative-Galerkin procedure in one-dimension (CCDG-1D) as the hydraulic methods, respectively. Results show that the sum of squared differences (SSD) between a stage hydrograph by GP and modeled hydrographs by HEC-RAS and CCDG-1D methods, respectively, are not considerable in simple and compound channels. Moreover, GP is a capable tool to route an acceptable stage hydrograph even by using less geometry specification and time intervals in the detected stage. Those results indicate that the proposed GP method is effective in routing a stage hydrograph.

Application of Genetic Programming in Stage Hydrograph Routing of Open Channels

Flow routing is used to simulate or predict downstream hydrographs on the basis of the features of upstream flow hydrographs. This paper combines support vector regression (SVR) and the non...

Application of the SVR-NSGAII to Hydrograph Routing in Open Channels

Flow in a closed conduit is regarded as open channel flow, if it has a free surface. This study considers unsteady non-uniform open channel flow in a closed conduit with circular cross-section. We investigate the effects of the flow depth, the cross section area of flow, channel radius, slope of the channel, roughness coefficient and energy coefficient on the flow velocity as well as the depth at which flow velocity is maximum. The finite difference approximation method is used to solve the governing equations because of its accuracy, stability and convergence followed by a graphical presentation of the results. It is found that for a given flow area, the velocity of flow increases with increasing depth and that the velocity is maximum slightly below the free surface. Moreover, increase in the slope of the channel and energy coefficient leads to an increase in flow velocity whereas increase in roughness coefficient, flow depth, radius of the conduit and area of flow leads to a decrease in flow velocity.

Modeling fluid flow in open channel with circular cross‐section

TINFLOOD, a simplified numerical model developed for simulation of floodplain inundation, is applied to predict the extent of flooding at a small reach of the River Thames, UK. River flow is computed by solving the de Saint Venant equations with a one-dimensional finite volume approach. Over-bank flood water spillage from the river onto the floodplains is computed considering mass exchange only between the one-dimensional river cells and the adjacent floodplain cells. Flow exchange between the river and floodplain cells or that between adjoining floodplain cells is represented by a weir type equation. The model employs a linearized form of the flow equation for avoiding instability, common to such coupled models. The rigorously tested model is applied in this study for predicting the extent of inundation for a flood event to a stretch of the River Thames, United Kingdom and compared with the corresponding observed imagery of the flood extents.

Application of the 1d-quasi 2d model tinflood for floodplain inundation prediction of the river thames

A model based on the St. Venant equations of flow with incorporation of terms to account for the momentum transfer phenomenon, was developed to route unsteady flow in compound channels. For the main channel, the full dynamic equations were used while in the floodplains, a diffusive model was used. Both included mass and momentum transfer terms. The resulting equations called CCDG 1-D model were solved by the characteristic-dissipative-Galerkin (CDG) finite element method. Results from the CCDG 1-D model were compared to observed experimental data. The unsteady results also showed that the CCDG 1-D model showed improvement on discharge prediction when the apparent shear was included in the model. Journal of Civil Engineering, JKUAT (2001) Vol 6, 45-54

Modelling of Unsteady Flow in Compound Channels

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Modelling of Unsteady Flow in Compound Channels