Kinematic characteristics of Andalusian, Arabian and Anglo-Arabian horses: a comparative study

Spontaneous cardiac arrhythmias recorded in three experimentally- and drug-naive laboratory species (canine, primate, swine) during standard pre-study screening

The aim of the present paper was: (1) to find out if there were any differences in the nonspecific immunological pattern of peripheral blood neutrophil between two breeds of horses (AA and SA); (2) to evaluate the effects of an exercise in the aerobic–anaerobic threshold. This has been observed in a group of 11 untrained horses (6 SA and 5 AA) of 2.5 years old. No statistically significant differences were found in the different stages of immune response between the rest and immediately after physical exercise to two breeds. However, the chemotaxis was significant higher at rest in the AA than SA breed. A positive correlation was found at rest between the phagocytic and oxidative metabolism activity for AA breed and a negative correlation too between the adherence and chemotaxis with phagocytic capacity, immediately after exercise test, for the same breed.

Nonspecific immune response of peripheral blood neutrophils in two horse breeds (Anglo-Arabian and Spanish-Arabian): response to exercise.

Summary

The physiological and metabolic adaptations to exercise of the Andalusian horse seem to differ slightly from those found in other breeds. The authors studied the locomotor adaptation of 18 Andalusian horses to a training programme in relation to anaerobic energy metabolism, efficacy of the training programme, and changes associated with the onset of fatigue. They also tried to find out if these changes had become diminished by training. Several locomotor variables during trotting and galloping were determined and plasma lactate concentrations were measured before training and after two training periods of different lengths. While trotting after training, an increase in the duration of the restraint phase, a reduction in the propulsion phase and a decrease in the duration and length of step were observed. During galloping, training caused a reduction in stride length but an increase in stride frequency. Significant correlations were obtained between stride duration, frequency and length of step and lactate concentrations. The training might have caused a shift in metabolism from anaerobic to aerobic predominance. This reduction was coupled with a decrease in stride duration, in response to a shorter stance phase duration and an increase in stride frequency. A reduction in the fatigue level was not observed. The study concludes that this training programme was not sufficient for improving the physical capacity of Andalusian horses.

Training as an Influential Factor on the Locomotor Pattern in Andalusian Horses

Influence of trotting and galloping exercises on erythrogram of andalusian horse stallions

Hematologic alterations as an index of exercise tolerance in different breeds of horses.

The influence of the QT, TQ, and ST intervals, and heart score on both cardiac cycle duration (RR) and diastole/systole (D/S) quotient were analyzed during the neonatal (1 day and 5 days) pigs belonging to 2 crossbreeds of different rusticity, Landrace x Belgian White (LBW) and Landrace x Duroc Jersey (LDJ). Our findings indicate that the shortening of the RR interval in 5-day-old pigs of both crossbreeds was determined by different variables in each breed. In LDJ pigs, this shortening was only associated with a shortening of ventricular activation, and in each age group, the systole and the diastole contributed equally to the RR value. The D/S quotient did not differ significantly in 1-day-old vs 5-day-old pigs, and at both ages, the quotient was only determined by the TQ value. In LBW pigs, the RR, QT, TQ, and ST were shortened, but only the shortening of QT was significant as a result of an acceleration of the ventricular recuperation process. Moreover, differences were found between 1-day-old vs 5-day-old pigs with regard to the contribution of the different intervals to the RR duration. In 1-day-old pigs, the RR depended closely on the TQ, whereas in 5-day-old pigs, all intervals contributed significantly to its duration. The D/S quotient was not significantly different in 1-day-old vs 5-day-old pigs, but a different contribution of the variables studied was observed at the 2 ages selected. In 1-day-old pigs, D/S quotient depended on the diastole duration, whereas in 5-day-old pigs, the diastole and systole contributed to its variation.

Differential study of electrocardiographic intervals in two neonatal crossbred swine.

To find the effect of exercise on the ECG, the electrocardiographic outlines in a training group of 7 two-month-old pigs (Landrace X White Belgian) were analyzed, compared with a nontraining control group of similar characteristics In training animals a resting bradycardia was observed with a corresponding increase in the duration of the RR interval, as well as a duration increase in the ventricular activation time On the contrary, the programmed training in this experiment has not influenced the amplitude of the electrocardiographic waves and the magnitude and orientation of the cardiac vectors

Variations caused by physical training in the electrocardiographic outline of swine (Landrace X White Belgian).

Estudio del hemograma en caballos de pura raza española ejercitados en cinta rodante

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Hematologic alterations as an index of exercise tolerance in different breeds of horses.

Differential study of electrocardiographic intervals in two neonatal crossbred swine.

Variations caused by physical training in the electrocardiographic outline of swine (Landrace X White Belgian).

Estudio del hemograma en caballos de pura raza española ejercitados en cinta rodante