Trans-membrane control of the receptors on normal and tumor cells. II. Surface changes associated with transformation and malignancy.

We have used pattern analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ( 1 H MRSI) data in a variety of situations related to the clinical management of patients with brain tumors and other cerebral space-occupying lesions (SOLs). Here, we review how 'leave-one-out' linear discriminant analyses (LDAs) of in vivo 1 H MRSI spectral patterns have enabled us to quickly, accurately, and non-invasively: (1) discriminate amongst tissue arising from the five most common types of supratentorial tumors found in adults, and (2) use the metabolic heterogeneity of cerebral SOLs to predict certain pathological characteristics that are useful in guiding stereotaxic biopsy and selective tumor resection. These findings suggest that pattern analysis of 1 H MRSI data can significantly improve the diagnostic specificity and surgical management of patients with certain cerebral SOLs.

Using pattern analysis of in vivo proton MRSI data to improve the diagnosis and surgical management of patients with brain tumors.

Linoleicand linoleic acid polycnoic derivatives occur in a relatively proportional high amount in myelin ethanolamine phosphatides and cerebrosides. These fatty acid derivatives are suggested to be of importance for the optimal stability of myelin membrane. In support of that theory rats bred and raised a diet deficient in polyunsaturated fatty acids revealed a higher susceptibility to allergic encephalomyelitis than a group of rats bred and raised a diet, optimal in all respects. On this basis it is suggested that the findings of a low content of linoleic acid derivatives in brain from multiple sclerosis paients may be explained by a high intake during the new-born-period and childhood of cow-milk and cow-milk derivatives containing five times lower amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids than mother milk. These data are also correlated to topographic studies of multiple sclerosis.

Allergic encephalomyelitis induced by brain antigen after deficiency in polyunsaturated fatty acids during myelination.

Glycosphingolipids in human colonic adenocarcinoma.

Allergic encephalomyelitis induced by brain antigen after deficiency in polyunsaturated fatty acids during myelination

EVIDENCE for altered lipid composition of malignant tissue has gradually accumulated during the last two decades. In intracranial tumours BRANTE (1949) found, in contrast with normal brain tissue, a considerable amount of esterified cholesterol. NAYYAR, MCCAMAN and HEIMBURGER (1960) found a kephalin-lecithin ratio near 1 in brain tumours, whereas normal brain tissue contained 2 or 4 times as much kephalin as lecithin. GOPAL, GROSSI, PAOLETTI and USARDI (1963) published a study on the lipid composition of brain tumours which gave further support for the conception of a change in phospholipid proportions. RAPPORT and GRAF (1955) showed that tumour lipid extracts had antigenic properties not found in normal tissue lipids. As a consequence of these findings RAPPORT, GRAF, SKIPSKI and ALONZO, (1958) described and isolated from epidermoid carcinoma a new lipid hapten, a dihexose ceramide termed cytolipin H. KOSAKI, KODA, KOTANI, NAKAGAWA and SAKA (1958) demonstrated the presence of a new choline-containing phospholipid in a wide variety of human malignant tissues which could not be demonstrated in normal tissue. In the same period, considerable evidence for alteration of the cell surface during malignant transformation has been furnished. COMAN (1 944) demonstrated that tumour tissue was less coherent than its normal homologue. Interference-microscope studies of cell contacts in tissue cultures have shown the loose and seemingly accidental nature of cell to cell contact in malignant tissue when compared with its normal counterpart (ABERCROMBIE and AMBROSE, 1958). Furthermore, there is evidence that the tumour cells, in contrast with their normal homologues, have a strongly electronegative surface charge which increases as the cells acquire more malignant properties (AMBROSE, JAMES and LOWICH, 1956, PURDOM, AMBROSE and KLEIN, 1958; AMBROSE, 1962). Finally, the normal 'contact inhibition' of cellular movement is lacking in malignant growth, where the cells are moving freely and independent of each other (AMBROSE, 1962). The aim of the present investigation has been to compare the polar lipid patterns of normal brain tissue with the patterns of gliosis, benign and malignant brain tumours and to discuss their implications to the surface properties of the cell.

Phospholipids and glycolipids of tumours in the central nervous system.

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Phospholipids and glycolipids of tumours in the central nervous system.