http://staff.ustc.edu.cn/~wzhao7/c_index_files/main.files/lss.pdf

Large scale structure of the universe and cosmological perturbation theory

The bispectrum is the lowest order statistic sensitive to the shape of structures generated by gravitational instability and is a potentially powerful probe of galaxy biasing and the Gaussianity of primordial fluctuations. Although the evolution of the bispectrum is well understood theoretically from nonlinear perturbation theory and numerical simulations, applications to galaxy surveys require a number of issues to be addressed. In this paper we consider the effect on the bispectrum of stochastic nonlinear biasing, radial redshift distortions, non-Gaussian initial conditions, survey geometry, and sampling. We find that: (1) Bias stochasticity does not affect the use of the bispectrum to recover the mean biasing relation between galaxies and mass, at least for models in which the scatter is uncorrelated at large scales. (2) Radial redshift distortions do not significantly change the monopole power spectrum and bispectrum compared to their plane-parallel values. (3) Survey geometry leads to finite-volume effects, which must be taken into account in current surveys before comparison with theoretical predictions can be made. (4) Sparse sampling and survey geometry correlate different triangles, leading to a breakdown of the Gaussian likelihood approximation. We develop a likelihood analysis using bispectrum eigenmodes, calculated by Monte Carlo realizations of mock surveys generated with second-order Lagrangian perturbation theory and checked against N-body simulations. In a companion paper, we apply these results to the analysis of the bispectrum of IRAS galaxies.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/317248/pdf

The Bispectrum: From Theory to Observations

We consider the long-standing problem of predicting the hierarchical clustering amplitudes Sp in the strongly nonlinear regime of gravitational evolution. N-body results for the nonlinear evolution of the bispectrum (the Fourier transform of the three-point density correlation function) suggest a physically motivated Ansatz that yields the strongly nonlinear behavior of the skewness, S3, starting from leading-order perturbation theory. When generalized to higher order (p > 3) polyspectra or correlation functions, this Ansatz leads to a good description of nonlinear amplitudes in the strongly nonlinear regime for both scale-free and cold dark matter models. Furthermore, these results allow us to provide a general fitting formula for the nonlinear evolution of the bispectrum that interpolates between the weakly and strongly nonlinear regimes, analogous to previous expressions for the power spectrum.

Hyperextended Cosmological Perturbation Theory: Predicting Nonlinear Clustering Amplitudes

We consider the long-standing problem of predicting the hierarchical clustering amplitudes $S_p$ in the strongly non-linear regime of gravitational evolution. N-body results for the non-linear evolution of the bispectrum (the Fourier transform of the three-point density correlation function) suggest a physically motivated ansatz that yields the strongly non-linear behavior of the skewness, $S_3$, starting from leading-order perturbation theory. When generalized to higher-order ($p>3$) polyspectra or correlation functions, this ansatz leads to a good description of non-linear amplitudes in the strongly non-linear regime for both scale-free and cold dark matter models. Furthermore, these results allow us to provide a general fitting formula for the non-linear evolution of the bispectrum that interpolates between the weakly and strongly non-linear regimes, analogous to previous expressions for the power spectrum.

Hyperextended Cosmological Perturbation Theory: Predicting Non-linear Clustering Amplitudes

The errors on statistics measured in finite galaxy catalogues are exhaustively investigated. The theory of errors on factorial moments by Szapudi & Colombi is applied to cumulants via a series expansion method. All results are subsequently extended to the weakly non-linear regime. Together with previous investigations this yields an analytic theory of the errors for moments and connected moments of counts in cells from highly non-linear to weakly non-linear scales. For non-linear functions of unbiased estimators, such as the cumulants, the phenomenon of cosmic bias is identified and computed. Since it is subdued by the cosmic errors in the range of applicability of the theory, correction for it is inconsequential. In addition, the method of Colombi, Szapudi & Szalay concerning sampling effects is generalized, adapting the theory for inhomogeneous galaxy catalogues. While previous work focused on the variance only, the present article calculates the cross-correlations between moments and connected moments as well for a statistically complete description. The final analytic formulae representing the full theory are explicit but somewhat complicated. Therefore we have made available a fortran program capable of calculating the described quantities numerically (for further details e-mail SC at colombi@iap.fr). An important special case is the evaluation of the errors on the two-point correlation function, for which this should be more accurate than any method put forward previously. This tool will be immensely useful in the future for assessing the precision of measurements from existing catalogues, as well as aiding the design of new galaxy surveys. To illustrate the applicability of the results and to explore the numerical aspects of the theory qualitatively and quantitatively, the errors and cross-correlations are predicted under a wide range of assumptions for the future Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The principal results concerning the cumulants ξ¯, Q3 and Q4 is that the relative error is expected to be smaller than 3, 5 and 15 per cent, respectively, in the scale range of 1–10 h−1 Mpc; the cosmic bias will be negligible.

/pdf/cosmic-statistics-of-statistics-g1q2e0b0t7.pdf

Cosmic statistics of statistics

Perturbation Theory (PT) applied to a cosmological density field with Gaussian initial fluctuations suggests a specific hierarchy for the correlation functions when the variance is small. In particular quantitative predictions have been made for the moments and the shape of the one-point probability distribution function (PDF) of the top-hat smoothed density. In this paper we perform a series of systematic checks of these predictions against N-body computations both in 2D and 3D with a wide range of featureless power spectra. In agreement with previous studies, we found that the reconstructed PDF-s work remarkably well down to very low probabilities, even when the variance approaches unity. Our results for 2D reproduce the features for the 3D dynamics. In particular we found that the PT predictions are more accurate for spectra with less power on small scales. The nonlinear regime has been explored with various tools, PDF-s, moments and Void Probability Function (VPF). These studies have been done with unprecedented dynamical range, especially for the 2D case, allowing in particular more robust determinations of the asymptotic behavior of the VPF. We have also introduced a new method to determine the moments based on the factorial moments. Results using this method and taking into account the finite volume effects are presented.

Scaling in Gravitational Clustering, 2D and 3D Dynamics

/pdf/scaling-in-gravitational-clustering-two-and-three-1nyeiaa0ti.pdf

Scaling in gravitational clustering, two- and three-dimensional dynamics

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Scaling in Gravitational Clustering, 2D and 3D Dynamics

Scaling in gravitational clustering, two- and three-dimensional dynamics