This review highlights recent advances in X-ray microcomputed tomography (microCT) as applied to materials, specifically advances made since the first materials microCT review appeared in Internati...

Recent advances in X-ray microtomography applied to materials

https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/38528/2/01_Sakellariou_Developing_a_virtual_materials_2007.pdf

Developing a virtual materials laboratory

Nowadays, X-ray tube-based high-resolution CT systems are widely used in scientific research and industrial applications. But the potential, convenience and economy of these lab systems is often underestimated. The present paper shows the comparison of sophisticated conventional µCT with synchrotron radiation-based µCT (SRµCT). The different aspects and characteristics of both approaches like spatial and density resolution, penetration depth, scanning time or sample size is described in detail. The tube-based µCT measurements were performed with a granite-based nanotom®-CT system (phoenix|x-ray, Wunstorf, Germany) equipped with a 180 kV – 15 W high-power nanofocus® tube with tungsten or molybdenum targets. The tube offers a wide range of applications from scanning low absorbing samples in nanofocus® mode with voxel sizes below 500 nm and highly absorbing objects in the high power mode with focal spot and voxel sizes of a few microns. The SRµCT measurements were carried out with the absorption contrast setup at the beamlines W 2 and BW 2 at HASYLAB/DESY, operated by the GKSS Research Center. The range of samples examined covers materials of very different absorption levels and related photon energies for the CT scans. Both quantitative and qualitative comparisons of CT scans using biomedical specimens with rather low X-ray absorption such as parts of the human spine as well as using composites from the field of materials science are shown.

/pdf/comparison-between-x-ray-tube-based-and-synchrotron-5b66ntgego.pdf

Comparison between x-ray tube-based and synchrotron radiation-based μCT

Nowadays, X-ray tube-based high-resolution CT systems are widely used in scientific research and industrial applications. But the potential, convenience and economy of these lab systems is often underestimated. The present paper shows the comparison of sophisticated conventional μCT with synchrotron radiation-based μCT (SRμCT). The different aspects and characteristics of both approaches like spatial and density resolution, penetration depth, scanning time or sample size is described in detail. The tube-based μCT measurements were performed with a granite-based nanotom®-CT system (phoenix|x-ray, Wunstorf, Germany) equipped with a 180 kV - 15 W high-power nanofocus® tube with tungsten or molybdenum targets. The tube offers a wide range of applications from scanning low absorbing samples in nanofocus® mode with voxel sizes below 500 nm and highly absorbing objects in the high power mode with focal spot and voxel sizes of a few microns. The SRμCT measurements were carried out with the absorption contrast set-up at the beamlines W 2 and BW 2 at HASYLAB/DESY, operated by the GKSS Research Center. The range of samples examined covers materials of very different absorption levels and related photon energies for the CT scans. Both quantitative and qualitative comparisons of CT scans using biomedical specimens with rather low X-ray absorption such as parts of the human spine as well as using composites from the field of materials science are shown.

This chapter presents the application of synchrotron-based microtomography (SR-μCT) as a three-dimensional (3D) analysis tool to investigate microscale structural attributes of soils and sediments. After an introduction on the need of noninvasive 3D imaging to study pore scale processes in natural porous media the principles, potentials, and limitations of SR-μCT are outlined. A review of selected applications of SR-μCT in soils and sediments illustrates the capabilities of the technique. To fully exploit the vast amount of information stored in 3D image reconstructions, some level of quantification of morphological and topological properties of the pore system is desired. Therefore, basic aspects and concepts of 3D image analysis and a software option ( 3dma ), which was previously used to visualize and quantify of pore space architectures, are introduced. The extraction of pore network visualizations and quantifications from SR-μCT data is demonstrated on a 5 mm soil aggregate. Synchrotron microtomography, 3D image analysis, and pore scale modeling approaches in combination with experimental treatments and measurements will give new insights into the complex interacting physical, chemical, and biological processes occurring in natural porous media.

Applications of Microtomography in Soils and Sediments

The analysis by means of X-ray μCT offers a versatile tool for the non destructive characterisation of metallic foams. The most important methods for the quantitative feature determination will be presented and applied to an Al-foam produced by a powder-metallurgical processing route. The special properties of monochromatic synchrotron radiation have been used to study not only the pore- and cell-wall space quantitatively at a high resolution, but also the distribution and geometric parameters of the blowing agent TiH 2 . The analysis steps can be used as a standard procedure to characterise the structure of metallic foams.

Quantitative methods for the analysis of synchrotron-µ CT datasets of metallic foams

Pore Formation and Melt Pool Analysis of Laser Welded Al-Cu Joints using Synchrotron Radiation

Analysis on the influence of vapor capillary aspect ratio on pore formation in laser beam welding of aluminum

The ongoing development of lasers with integrated beam-shaping features offers new opportunities for research in the field of laser beam welding. Main challenges for laser welding of aluminum alloys, such as AW-5083 or AW-6082, are pore formation and cracking. The locally adapted power distribution has a major influence on the keyhole required for deep penetration welding and therefore on occurring weld defects. To determine the reasons, the use of synchrotron radiation during the welding process enables the visibility of the keyhole shape. This investigation contains an analysis of the keyhole and melt pool shape based on the high-speed video images of the synchrotron radiation. The variation of the power ratio of center beam to ring allows a comparison of the influence of the beam shaping method. To stabilize the keyhole, a temporal power modulation is used for the ring. The results show an influence of the ring mode on the keyhole depth and the melt pool shape. The videos allow an analysis of different mechanisms for pore formation, such as the collapse of the keyhole.

Influence of ring-shaped laser beam during welding of AW-5083 and AW-6082

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Quantitative methods for the analysis of synchrotron-µ CT datasets of metallic foams

Pore Formation and Melt Pool Analysis of Laser Welded Al-Cu Joints using Synchrotron Radiation

Analysis on the influence of vapor capillary aspect ratio on pore formation in laser beam welding of aluminum

Influence of ring-shaped laser beam during welding of AW-5083 and AW-6082