This paper reviews the state of the art of field- programmable gate array (FPGA) design methodologies with a focus on industrial control system applications. This paper starts with an overview of FPGA technology development, followed by a presentation of design methodologies, development tools and relevant CAD environments, including the use of portable hardware description languages and system level programming/design tools. They enable a holistic functional approach with the major advantage of setting up a unique modeling and evaluation environment for complete industrial electronics systems. Three main design rules are then presented. These are algorithm refinement, modularity, and systematic search for the best compromise between the control performance and the architectural constraints. An overview of contributions and limits of FPGAs is also given, followed by a short survey of FPGA-based intelligent controllers for modern industrial systems. Finally, two complete and timely case studies are presented to illustrate the benefits of an FPGA implementation when using the proposed system modeling and design methodology. These consist of the direct torque control for induction motor drives and the control of a diesel-driven synchronous stand-alone generator with the help of fuzzy logic.

/pdf/fpga-design-methodology-for-industrial-control-systems-a-2kzb7fwd0q.pdf

FPGA Design Methodology for Industrial Control Systems—A Review

The aim of this paper is to present the interest of implementing digital controllers using field-programmable gate array (FPGA) components. To this purpose, a variety of current control techniques, which is applied to alternating current machine drives, is designed and implemented. They consist of on-off current controllers, proportional-integral current controller, and predictive current controller. The quality of the regulated current is significantly improved. It is mainly due to a very important reduction of the execution time delay. Indeed, in all described techniques, the execution time of the designed hardware architectures is only a few microseconds. This time reduction derives directly from the possibility offered by FPGAs to design very powerful dedicated architectures. Numerous experimental results are given in order to illustrate the efficiency of FPGA-based solutions to achieve high-performance control of electrical systems.

FPGA-Based Current Controllers for AC Machine Drives—A Review

neural and fuzzy logic control of drives and power systems neural and fuzzy logic control of drives and power systems neural and fuzzy logic control of drives and power systems neural and fuzzy logic control of drives and power systems neural and fuzzy logic control of drives power systems neural and fuzzy logic control of drives and power systems neural and fuzzy logic control of drives and power systems chapter 8 fuzzy logic and neural network applications in fuzzy logic applications to power electronics and drives expert system, fuzzy logic, and neural network speed control of dc motor using fuzzy logic technique dynamic fuzzy-neural network controller for induction neural and fuzzy logic control of drives and power systems advanced fuzzy systems design and applications khbd adaptive neural fuzzy inference systems controller for induction motor drive using fuzzy logic citeseerx embedded fuzzy controller for industrial applications direct torque control of induction motor using fuzzy logic application of learning methodologies in control of power fuzzy logic application for intelligent control of a speed control of dc motor using fuzzy pid controller application of fuzzy logic in engineering problems lnai 3949 dsp based fuzzy-neural speed tracking control a servo motor drives based on hybrid genetic algorithm gvpce(a ) m.tech. power electronics & drives 2013 neural fuzzy rule – based model reference adaptive control for artificial neural network and logic control for hvdc systems fuzzy logic control of maximum power point tracking for controlling speed of dc motor with fuzzy controller in speed control of brushless dc motor using fuzzy ijdacr design and performance evaluation of a fuzzy-logic-based maximum power point tracking of pv system using anfis power electronics and motor drives elsevier

/pdf/neural-and-fuzzy-logic-control-of-drives-and-power-systems-2gnm35onla.pdf

Neural and Fuzzy Logic Control of Drives and Power Systems

In this paper, a field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based speed controller for a synchronous machine with an internal current control loop based on a predictive current controller is presented. Due to their complex computation schemes, predictive current controllers implemented in a full digital system are characterized by an inevitable delay in calculating and applying the switching states to the inverter. Consequently, their performances are affected and the achieved sampling frequency is limited. These digital control limitations are mainly due to the processing speed versus computational complexity trade-off. To cope with this problem, specific digital hardware technology such as FPGA can be used as an alternative digital solution to ensure fast processing operation and to preserve performances of predictive current controllers in spite of their complex computation schemes. Such performances can be preserved thanks to the high flexibility and high computation capabilities of FPGAs. In order to illustrate this, an FPGA implementation of a synchronous machine speed controller based on a predictive current controller is presented and fully analyzed in this work. The obtained execution time is only of few microseconds for the whole control algorithm. Experimental results are shown to prove the efficiency of FPGA-based solutions to achieve high performances.

FPGA-Based Predictive Current Controllerfor Synchronous Machine Speed Drive

Programmable logic devices (PLDs) are increasing their presence in power electronics and motion control applications. With rising gate densities of PLDs, larger functionality is being incorporated. This paper looks at certain areas of motion control that are making use of PLD for faster control and in taking the processing load off the system microprocessor

Programmable Logic Devices for Motion Control—A Review

Latest developments in digital intelligent motion, as digital signal processors (DSPs), has strongly improved AC motor control performances. Application-specific-integrated circuit (ASIC) technology has changed the need for rapid process and low-cost processor. However, new technological problems appeared, requiring digital properties which need considering, such as quantization, sampling, word length and data types. The authors of this paper propose to study the quantization problems on ASIC-based direct torque control of an induction machine. They present a high level behavior model of the specific circuit and analyze the torque quantization errors. Finally, simulation results illustrate quantization influences on control performances with different data type solutions.

Quantization problem analysis on ASIC-based direct torque control of an induction machine

This paper presents a general "top-down" methodology for design and simulation of system control ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) using hardware description languages (HDL). Two languages are used: VHDL (very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language) for ASIC modeling and realization, and SpectreHDL for analog modeling of the control environment. The different models allow the optimization step by step of the final ASIC from the optimization of the control algorithm to the ASIC architecture. Each stage is completed by a functional validation resulting of mixed (analog/digital) simulation. This methodology is applied to direct torque control (DTC) of an induction machine. After describing the DTC principle, algorithm validation and optimization are studied: choices of numerical calculation methods, binary format and type. Then, architecture optimization is developed in order to implement the algorithm. Due to torque regulation accuracy and reduced treatment time, optimized architecture using 32 bits fixed point specific format type has been hardware implemented.

Design and simulation of ASIC-based system control: application to direct torque control of induction machine

The authors present a methodology for designing a CMOS very large scale integration (VLSI) controller for AC motor control. Step-by-step, top-down methodology based on hardware description languages (HDL) with mixed simulation was used to study digital adaptation and architecture implementation of the control algorithm. An application using the proposed methodology was studied: the direct torque control (DTC) of an AC motor. The DTC is described and VLSI examined. Analogue and digital models were used to describe the algorithm implementation, specific binary format and architecture. The register transfer level (RTL) model for the DTC controller was validated by mixed simulation. The ASIC layout was created using Austria Mikro System standard cell library for 0.8 μm CMOS. Finally, the authors compared this VLSI approach with software implementation and co-design methodology.

HDL-based methodology for VLSI design of AC motor controller

ASIC implementation of direct torque control for induction machine: Functional validation by power and control simulation

Nous presentons un flot de conception base sur les langages de description materiel VHDL et spectreHDL, dans l'environnement de conception de circuits integres Cadence. Cette methode est appliquee a l'integration de l'algorithme de controle direct du couple (Direct Torque Control) pour un moteur asynchrone. La commande est decrite en VHDL aux niveaux comportemental et synthetisable. L'environnement analogique de la commande (moteur/onduleur/CAN) est modelise avec le langage SpectreHDL. Nous avons mis en oeuvre la cosimulation mixte analogique/numerique de l'ensemble du systeme, avec pour premier objectif la validation fonctionnelle du modele numerique de la commande. Ce modele comportemental haut niveau a ensuite permis d'explorer differentes alternatives d'implantation de l'algorithme. Des packages >> VHDL specifiques pour la representation des formats de donnees et les operateurs associes ont ete developpes. Nous comparons les performances du modele de la commande DTC pour un format 32 bits virgule fixe non recadre, et un format 16 bits virgule fixe recadre.

Modélisation VHDL/SpectreHDL et simulation mixte sous CADENCE: conception d'un ASIC de commande de moteur asynchrone

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