In recent years, adsorption has displayed promising and effective results as a treatment technology for water and wastewater by industries. In the process, a number of adsorbents have been synthesized and applied for the treatment of pollutants such as metals, dyes, pharmaceutical products in solutions. However, for adsorption to be unconditionally adopted by industries, a few obstacles such as high capital cost, difficult segregation of adsorbent from solution, and complex synthesis processes need to be addressed. The removal of suspend adsorbents in wastewater from a continuous flow system is a challenge which if addressed properly would enable us to recover the spent adsorbent efficiently. The spent adsorbents can then be regenerated and used again by the industries thereby leading to reduced capital investment. Therefore, studies have been carried out aiming at the incorporation of magnetism in such adsorbents to aid their removal from wastewater. This review aims to comprehensively list and discuss adsorbents which exhibit magnetic properties and their adsorption behaviour under diverse conditions. The literature survey presented in this paper renders evidence to the good potential of magnetic adsorbents to remove various pollutants from wastewater. However, the practical utility of such adsorbents needs to be explored before they can be commercially applied.

Magnetic adsorbents for the treatment of water/wastewater—A review

This review is intended to critically convey information on water magnetization and to discuss each application that employs magnetic field as an aid in wastewater treatment. The magnetically assisted wastewater treatments are presented and compared in terms of performances with those of conventional treatment systems. The advantages and limitations of magnetic field application are discussed in order to evaluate their environmental benefits. The main conclusion from the literature review is that magnetic field application has the potential to improve the physical performance in terms of solid-liquid separation mainly through aggregation of colloidal particles. The application is also significant in influencing the biological properties through the improvement of bacterial activity. Both of these enhancements lead towards increase in efficiency of the water and wastewater treatment performances.

Magnetic field application and its potential in water and wastewater treatment systems

Magnetic water treatment-A review of the latest approaches.

Water was exposed for different times to weak static magnetic field (MF) generated from a stack of magnets (B = 15 mT) or from a single permanent magnet (B = 0.27 T) at flow conditions. The water conductivity and the amount of evaporated water were measured as a function of time following the application of MF. It was found that the MF decreases the water conductivity, which is inversely proportional to the flow rate, and increases the amount of evaporated water, even after the water's distillation. The effects are due to the hydrogen bond network strengthening and the perturbation of gas/liquid interface from the air nanobubbles in the water.

Effects of static magnetic field on water at kinetic condition

Recent advances in magnetic composites as adsorbents for wastewater remediation.

Influence of magnetic field on calcium carbonate precipitation in the presence of foreign ions

The aqueous extract from the bark of Punica granatum L. was invested to generate CuO nanoparticles from CuSO4 using a green, economical, ecological, and clean method. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized and were successfully used as adsorbents for methyl green retention of an absorptive capacity amounting to 28.7 mg g−1. Methyl green equilibrium adsorption data were correlated to the Langmuir model following the pseudo-second order kinetics model. This study clearly corroborates that copper nanoparticles exhibit a high potential for use in wastewater treatment.

/pdf/ecological-synthesis-of-cuo-nanoparticles-using-punica-ro21at60.pdf

Ecological Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles Using Punica granatum L. Peel Extract for the Retention of Methyl Green

Study of optoelectronic, thermoelectric, mechanical, and thermodynamic properties of Cs2NaTlX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) for energy harvesting

Cellulose from Tamarix aphylla’s stem via acetocell for cadmium adsorption

The aim of this work is to investigate the adsorption of an anionic dye, the Murexide (MX) present in aqueous solution, on activated carbon, derived from prickly pear seed cake biomass after bio-oil extraction. The obtained adsorbent used was characterized by Bohem titration, pH of point of zero charge (pHPZC), FTIR spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (SBET), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The different experimental parameters of the adsorption process, such as temperature, contact time, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose, were studied. For the optimization of the process, the effects of these parameters were investigated using the full factorial experimental design methodology. Design Expert 11.1.2.0 Trial software was used for generating the statistical experimental design and analysing the observed data. Langmuir and Freundlich’s adsorption models were employed to provide a description of the equilibrium isotherm. The adsorption process was found to obey Langmuir, which indicates that the Murexide had formed a monolayer onto activated carbon. Furthermore, according to the regression coefficients, it was observed that the kinetic adsorption data can fit better by the pseudo-second-order model compared to the first-order Lagergren’s model. The thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption of Murexide occurs in a spontaneous and exothermic process. The regeneration process of the exhausted adsorbent was studied to assess the economic and operational feasibility. According to the obtained findings, it is proposed that the activated carbon prepared from prickly pear seed cake retains a high potential for Murexide removal and is suitable for repetitive usage.

/pdf/experimental-design-analysis-of-murexide-dye-removal-by-3dcha16l.pdf

Experimental Design Analysis of Murexide Dye Removal by Carbon Produced from Waste Biomass Material

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