Evaluating variability of root size system and its constitutive traits in hot pepper (Capsicum annum L.) under water stress

By 2050, Africa's population is projected to exceed 2 billion. Africa will have to increase food production more than 50% in the coming 50 years to meet the nutritional requirements of its growing population. Nowhere is the need to increase agricultural productivity more pertinent than in much of Sub-Saharan Africa, where it is currently static or declining. Optimal pest management will be essential, because intensification of any system creates heightened selection pressures for pests. Plant-parasitic nematodes and their damage potential are intertwined with intensified systems and can be an indicator of unsustainable practices. As soil pests, nematodes are commonly overlooked or misdiagnosed, particularly where appropriate expertise and knowledge transfer systems are meager or inadequately funded. Nematode damage to roots results in less efficient root systems that are less able to access nutrients and water, which can produce symptoms typical of water or nutrient deficiency, leading to misdiagnosis of the underlying cause. Damage in subsistence agriculture is exacerbated by growing crops on degraded soils and in areas of low water retention where strong root growth is vital. This review focuses on the current knowledge of economically important nematode pests affecting key crops, nematode control methods and the research and development needs for sustainable management, stakeholder involvement and capacity building in the context of crop security in East and Southern Africa, especially Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe.

http://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/123456789/14031/Agricultural%20nematology......pdf;sequence=1

Agricultural Nematology in East and Southern Africa : Problems, Management Strategies and Stakeholder Linkages

Aims: To find ways of making the tomato industry in Wenchi competitive in the face of myriad constraints confronting production. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Place and Duration of Study: Wenchi Municipal District of the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana in the 2010 cropping season. Methodology: Fifty (50) randomly selected tomato farmers took part in the study and were interviewed using a semi-structural questionnaire. Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance was used to rank the constraints to tomato production. The Porter’s Diamond of National Advantage was used to assess the competitive position of the tomato industry in the area as well as the strategies needed to improve competitiveness. Results: The study found that small scale tomato producers in the district face a myriad of production constraints which limit their ability to increase production. The constraints include lack of capital, high cost of inputs and low produce price. The tomato industry in the area can however, become competitive and enhance economic growth.

Production Constraints and Measures to Enhance the Competitiveness of the Tomato Industry in Wenchi Municipal District of Ghana

This paper uses cross-sectional data collected from 126 small scale tomato farmers in the forest, forest-savannah transition and the guinea savannah agro-ecological zones in 2011 to examine the characteristics of tomato based producing households in Ghana. It involved a description of the demographic characteristics of sampled farmers and an investigation of the production practices. This study further investigated the determinants of technical efficiency in tomato production among small scale farmers in Ghana. Descriptive statistics was used to present the characteristics of tomato producing households and the stochastic frontier analysis was used to estimate the determinants of technical efficiency and the inefficiency effect models. Results indicated that majority of the sampled tomato farmers were males. Almost half of the farmers had formal education at least up to the basic level. Almost half of the farmers cultivated tomato in both the major and minor seasons. Most of the varieties cultivated are exotic. Pests and diseases were predominant on the farms of majority of the sampled households. Consequently the use of pesticide to control pests and diseases is very common among sampled household. Our analysis further suggests average technical efficiency of 85.4%. In addition, factors such as extension services, land, frequency of weeding and fertilizer positively influenced technical efficiency of tomato farmers. Conversely, factors such as pesticide, labour and the frequency of pesticide application had negative effects on technical efficiency. The findings reveal the need for an effective and sustainable integrated approach to pest and weed management to enhance technical efficiency and productivity in tomato production. 
	
	Key words: Tomato, production practice, technical efficiency, stochastic frontier production function, pests, diseases, Ghana.

/pdf/producer-characteristics-and-determinants-of-technical-16w6l6ycix.pdf

Producer characteristics and determinants of technical efficiency of tomato based production systems in Ghana

Contamination of surface water and groundwater by organic pollutants is a serious problem due to their persistence, bioaccumulation and biomagnification through food webs. Since the removal of dyes from wastewater is considered an environmental challenge and government legislation requires textile wastewater to be treated, therefore there is a constant need to have an effective process that can efficiently remove these dyes. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the potentiality of dried Carpobrotus edulis plant as low-cost adsorbent for the removal of the industrial acid blue 113 dye from aqueous solutions using the batch equilibration technique. The effects of different physicochemical parameters such as adsorbent dose, contact time, initial dye concentration, solution pH and temperature on adsorption rate of anionic AB113 dye on microparticles of dried C. edulis plant were investigated. The experimental data were analyzed by using mathematical models to determine the thermodynamic parameters. The negative values of free energy change indicated the spontaneous nature of the adsorption and negative value of enthalpy change suggested the exothermic nature of the adsorption process. These results indicate that dried C. edulis plant as an environmentally friendly adsorbent could be potentially used for the removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solutions.

Factors controlling the adsorption of acid blue 113 dye from aqueous solution by dried C. edulis plant as natural adsorbent

Tomato Production Constraints at Bontanga Irrigation Project in the Northern Region of Ghana

Improving Sprouting Ability of White Yam Minisetts (Dioscorea alata Poir) Var Pona and Dente Using Different Disinfectants and Protectants in Sterilized Saw Dust

In vitro Analysis of Growth Media and the Control of Yam Minisett-rot

Microorganisms Associated with Rot of Minisetts of White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata, Poir)

Nature of inheritance and genetic components of some agronomic traits in sorghum.

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