Biological treatment of wastewater containing dyes utilizing aerobic, anaerobic, or combined aerobic-anaerobic biodegradation techniques is often utilized due to its relative affordability and lack of hazardous consequences. Different microbes including bacteria, fungi, and algae were used to decolorize the different dyes. Up to 10% of dyes used in the textile industry are eliminated as colored wastewater after being applied and are not bonded to the fibers. These colored wastewaters must be properly cleaned before being dumped into different bodies of water. The objective of variety search is to identify the factor combination with the highest desirability combination. Desirability functions are frequently employed in RSM optimization. 
Four bacterial biomasses have been tested for their capacity to decolorize dyes in this study. Screening studies included four distinct biomasses and four distinct reactive dyes. The bacterial strain #288 has a biosorption with 70% on Reactive Violet 1. Central composite design was employed to maximize the biosorption percentage and biosorption capacity. At the result of the study, Reactive Violet 1 was adsorbed by #288 with 93,7% and the biosorption capacity was estimated to be 325,7. FTIR and SEM were used to characterize the biomass before and after decolorization. The outcome demonstrates that #288 is effective in removing Reactive Violet 1 from textile wastewaters.

Microbial Decolorization of Reactive Violet 1: Biosorption Optimization by Central Composite Design

Laccase mediator system as a potential technology for decolorization of textile dyes — Overview and perspectives

The accurate analysis of key components of a spherical hinge structure directly affects bridge quality and safety during construction. Considering the key components of a spherical joint structure as the research object, a refined calculation model for the spherical joint is established to examine its stress using finite element analysis. The influence of design parameters on the mechanical characteristics of the spherical hinge structure is systematically analyzed. The response surface method (RSM), devised using a Box–Behnken design, is used to optimize the design of the spherical hinge structure parameters. A response surface model is established to derive the scheme of the optimized spherical hinge structure design. Moreover, by comparing the structural contact stress and rotational traction force before and after optimization, the effectiveness and necessity of the spherical hinge structure optimization are verified. The result comparison shows that the maximum contact stress and rotational traction force in the spherical hinge structure after optimization are reduced by 13.86% and 8.42%, respectively, compared with those before optimization. The relative error between the calculated and predicted values is approximately 3%, indicating that the RSM is feasible for optimizing key components of the spherical hinge structure. Its optimization effect is evident. Based on the identified optimal parameters of the spherical hinge structure, a range of recommended design parameters for the key structure of the rotating spherical hinge at different load carrying capacities is established using the interpolation method, which provides a valuable reference for engineering practice.

/pdf/optimization-of-swivel-spherical-hinge-structure-design-37h9c15v.pdf

Optimization of Swivel Spherical Hinge Structure Design Based on the Response Surface Method

Optimization of biodegradation yield of reactive blue 49: An integrated approach using response surface methodology based marine predators algorithm.

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Optimization of biodegradation yield of reactive blue 49: An integrated approach using response surface methodology based marine predators algorithm.