Effects of long-chain omega-3 (LCn3) and omega-6 fatty acids on prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD, including Crohn’s Disease, CD and ulcerative colitis, UC), and inflammation are unclear. We systematically reviewed long-term effects of omega-3, omega-6 and total polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) on IBD diagnosis, relapse, severity, pharmacotherapy, quality of life and key inflammatory markers. We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and trials registries, including RCTs in adults with or without IBD comparing higher with lower omega-3, omega-6 and/or total PUFA intake for ≥ 24 weeks that assessed IBD-specific outcomes or inflammatory biomarkers. We included 83 RCTs (41,751 participants), of which 13 recruited participants with IBD. Increasing LCn3 may reduce risk of IBD relapse (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.72–1.01) and IBD worsening (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.71–1.03), and reduce erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, SMD − 0.23, 95% CI − 0.44 to − 0.01), but may increase IBD diagnosis risk (RR 1.10, 95% CI 0.63–1.92), and faecal calprotectin, a specific inflammatory marker for IBD (MD 16.1 μg/g, 95% CI − 37.6 to 69.8, all low-quality evidence). Outcomes for alpha-linolenic acid, omega-6 and total PUFA were sparse, but suggested little or no effect where data were available. This is the most comprehensive meta-analysis of RCTs investigating long-term effects of omega-3, omega-6 and total PUFA on IBD and inflammatory markers. Our findings suggest that supplementation with PUFAs has little or no effect on prevention or treatment of IBD and provides little support for modification of long-term inflammatory status.

/pdf/long-term-effects-of-increasing-omega-3-omega-6-and-total-2szacznp5w.pdf

Long-term effects of increasing omega-3, omega-6 and total polyunsaturated fats on inflammatory bowel disease and markers of inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

To compare the prognostic value of cardiac valve plane displacement (CVPD) on various locations in cardiac light chain (AL) amyloidosis. Consecutive patients with biopsy-proven cardiac involvement in AL amyloidosis who had undergone cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) between 2005 and 2014 in our institution, were retrospectively identified and data analyzed. The primary combined endpoint was all-cause mortality or heart transplantation. Systolic CVPD were obtained from standard cine bSSFP in 2-, 3- and 4-chamber views at anterior aortic plane systolic excursion (AAPSE); anterior, anterolateral, inferolateral, inferior, inferoseptal mitral (MAPSE); and lateral tricuspid (TAPSE) annular segments. We identified 68 patients (58 ± 10 years; 59% male). Median follow-up period was 1.2 years (IQR, 0.3-4.1). Significant differences in CVPD between patients who reached a primary endpoint (n = 44) and transplant-free survivors were found only for AAPSE (6.1 mm (IQR, 4.6-9.4) vs. 8.8 mm (IQR, 6.9-10.4); p = 0.02) and MAPSEanterolateral (7.3 mm (IQR, 5.4-11.7) vs. 10.5 mm (IQR, 8.1-13.4); p = 0.03). AAPSE (χ2 = 15.6; p = 0.0002) provided the best predictive value for transplant-free survival compared to all other valvular plane locations. A high-risk cutoff (AAPSE ≤ 7.6 mm) was calculated by ROC analysis to predict all-cause death or heart transplantation within 6 months from index examination (AUC = 0.80; CI: 0.68 to 0.89; p < 0.0001). AAPSE added incremental prognostic power to an imaging prediction model of late gadolinium enhancement and global longitudinal strain (GLS) (∆χ2 = 5.8, p = 0.02) as well as to a clinical model including Karnofsky index and NT-proBNP (∆χ2 = 6.2, p = 0.01). In patients with cardiac involvement in AL amyloidosis, systolic CVPD obtained from standard long axis cine views appear to indicate outcome better, when obtained in the anterior aortic plane (AAPSE) and provide incremental prognostic value to LGE and strain measurements.

/pdf/regional-differences-in-prognostic-value-of-cardiac-valve-lmslyqozgt.pdf

Regional differences in prognostic value of cardiac valve plane displacement in systemic light-chain amyloidosis.

Cardiac valve plane displacement (CVPD) reflects longitudinal LV function. The purpose of the present study was to determine regional heterogeneity of CVPD in healthy adults to provide normal values by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). We measured the anterior aortic plane systolic excursion (AAPSE); the anterior, anterolateral, inferolateral, inferior, and inferoseptal mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE); and the lateral tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion (TAPSE). Systolic excursion was measured as the distance from peak end-diastolic to peak end-sysstolic annular position (peak-to-peak) in cine images acquired in 2-, 3- and 4-chamber views. Echocardiographic measurements of CVPD were performed in M-Mode as previously described. We retrospectively analyzed 209 healthy Caucasians (57% men), who participated in the Heidelberg normal cohort between March 2009 and September 2014. The analysis was possible in all participants. Mean values were: AAPSE = 14 ± 3 mm (8–20); MAPSEanterior = 14 ± 3 mm (8–20); MAPSEanterolateral = 16 ± 3 mm (10–22); MAPSEinferolateral = 16 ± 3 mm (10–22); MAPSEinferior = 17 ± 3 mm (11–23); MAPSEinferoseptal = 13 ± 3 mm (7–19) and TAPSE = 26 ± 4 mm (18–34) respectively. MAPSE was significantly elevated in lateral compared to septal regions (p = 0.0001). Sex-differences for CVPD were not found. Age-dependency of CVPD revealed distinct regional differences. AAPSE decreased the most with age (B=−0.48; p = 0.0001), whereas MAPSEinferior was the least age-dependent site (B=−0.17; p = 0.01). AAPSE revealed favorable intra-/interobserver reproducibility and interstudy agreement. Intermethod-comparison of CMR and M-Mode echocardiography showed good agreement between both measurements of CVPD. Age-stratified normal values of regional CVPD are provided. AAPSE revealed the most pronounced age-related decrease and provided favorable reproducibility compared to other regions of cardiac valve plane.

A comprehensive analysis of cardiac valve plane displacement in healthy adults: age-stratified normal values by cardiac magnetic resonance

A comprehensive analysis of cardiac valve plane displacement in healthy adults

In patients with recent MI, elevated fibrotic burden within the remote myocardium quantified by CMR is strongly associated with post-exercise heart rate variability (HRV) and QT dispersion (QTD). In contrast, infarct tissue heterogeneity demonstrated strong association with prolonged mean QRS duration at rest and during exercise. We postulate that these patterns of ischemic structural/arrhythmogenic affiliations during convalescent infarct healing, likely reflect differences in depolarization/repolarization characteristics of different post-ischemic myocardium and sympathetic innervation.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1532-429X-14-S1-O18.pdf

CMR quantification of infarct tissue heterogeneity and remote myocardial fibrotic burden during convalescent phase following acute myocardial infarction (MI) provided strong and complementary evidence of ventricular arrhythmogenicity from quantitative microvolt T-wave alternans testing (the NHLBI PROSPECT-CMR study)

https://www.solgar.co.il/media/16848/omega-remodel-study-j-cardiovasc-magnetic-resonance-15.pdf

Effect of purified omega-3 fatty acids on reducing left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (omega-remodel study: a double-blind randomized clinical trial)

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Effect of purified omega-3 fatty acids on reducing left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (omega-remodel study: a double-blind randomized clinical trial)