Esophageal Motility Testing

CONCLUSION: There is a significant lifetime risk of development of high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in Barrett’s esophagus.

Lifetime risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett's esophagus

Orthodontic tooth movement is mainly regulated by the biomechanical responses of loaded periodontal ligament (PDL). We investigated the effective intervals of orthodontic force in pure maxillary ca...

Investigation of effective intrusion and extrusion force for maxillary canine using finite element analysis.

The objective of this study was to investigate the optimal range of rotational moment for the mandibular lateral incisor, canine and first premolar to determine tooth movements during orthodontic treatment using hydrostatic stress and logarithmic strain on the periodontal ligament (PDL) as indicators by numerical simulations. Teeth, PDL and alveolar bone numerical models were constructed as analytical objects based on computed tomography (CT) images. Teeth were assumed to be rigid bodies, and rotational moments ranging from 1.0 to 4.0 Nmm were exerted on the crowns. PDL was defined as a hyperelastic–viscoelastic material with a uniform thickness of 0.25 mm. The alveolar bone model was constructed using a non-uniform material with varied mechanical properties determined based on Hounsfield unit (HU) values calculated using CT images, and its bottom was fixed completely. The optimal range values of PDL compressive and tensile stress were set as 0.47–12.8 and 18.8–51.2 kPa, respectively, whereas that of PDL logarithmic strain was set as 0.15–0.3%. The rotational tendency of PDL was around the long axis of teeth when loaded. The optimal range values of rotational moment for the mandibular lateral incisor, canine and first premolar were 2.2–2.3, 3.0–3.1 and 2.8–2.9 Nmm, respectively, referring to the biomechanical responses of loaded PDL. Primarily, the optimal range of rotational moment was quadratically dependent on the area of PDL internal surface (i.e. area of PDL internal surface was used to indicate PDL size), as described by the fitting formula. Biomechanical responses of PDL can be used to estimate the optimal range of rotational moment for teeth. These rotational moments were not consistent for all teeth, as demonstrated by numerical simulations. The quantitative relationship between the area of PDL internal surface and the optimal orthodontic moment can help orthodontists to determine a more reasonable moment and further optimise clinical treatment.

Numerical simulation of optimal range of rotational moment for the mandibular lateral incisor, canine and first premolar based on biomechanical responses of periodontal ligaments: a case study

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is considered to be the most severe complication of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), in which the prolonged, repetitive episodes of combined acidic and biliary reflux result in the replacement of the squamous esophageal lining by columnar epithelium. Therefore, the acid-extruding mechanisms of esophageal epithelial cells (EECs) may play an important role in the defense. Our aim was to identify the presence of acid/base transporters on EECs and to investigate the effect of bile acids on their expressions and functions. Human EEC lines (CP-A and CP-D) were acutely exposed to bile acid cocktail (BAC) and the changes in intracellular pH (pHi) and Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) were measured by microfluorometry. mRNA and protein expression of ion transporters was investigated by RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. We have identified the presence of a Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE), Na(+)/HCO3 (-) cotransporter (NBC), and a Cl(-)-dependent HCO3 (-) secretory mechanism in CP-A and CP-D cells. Acute administration of BAC stimulated HCO3 (-) secretion in both cell lines and the NHE activity in CP-D cells by an inositol triphosphate-dependent calcium release. Chronic administration of BAC to EECs increased the expression of ion transporters compared with nontreated cells. A similar expression pattern was observed in biopsy samples from BE compared with normal epithelium. We have shown that acute administration of bile acids differently alters ion transport mechanisms of EECs, whereas chronic exposure to bile acids increases the expression of acid/base transporters. We speculate that these adaptive processes of EECs represent an important mucosal defense against the bile acid-induced epithelial injury.

Role of ion transporters in the bile acid-induced esophageal injury.

Aim: To evaluate the oesophageal function in patients with different types of oesophageal metaplasia and in cases with dysplasia on the basis of the Montreal definition of gastro-oe

The evaluation of oesophageal function in patients with different types of oesophageal metaplasia.

This paper presents a case of severe root resorption of the maxillary central incisors in an 18-year-old woman who was referred for orthodontic treatment of irregular dental arches. A detailed history revealed that she used to play the block flute on an everyday basis during childhood. Against all warnings, she continued to firmly press her teeth into the mouthpiece of the instrument. Impressions of the upper central incisors were clearly visible on the instrument. Although it is well known that excessive occlusal forces can result in root resorption, to the authors’ knowledge, this case involves one of the first reported occurrences of extensive root resorption that was most likely caused by playing a wind instrument during childhood.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Severe root resorption of the upper central incisors as a consequence of playing the flute.

Osszefoglalo. A Gorlin-Goltz-szindroma - mas neven naevoid basalsejtes carcinoma szindroma - egy ritka, viszont szamos orvosi tarsszakmat erintő, rendkivul valtozatos megjelenesű es genetikailag is heterogen betegseg. Bar a tudomanyos kutatasok egyik kedvenc terulete, az aranylag alacsony betegszam, valamint a genotipus es a fenotipus kozotti, igen komplex osszefuggesek miatt a korkepről meglevő ismereteink meg nem teljesek. A temaban megjelent nemzetkozi es magyar nyelvű publikaciok jelentős resze esetkozlesekre es a szindroma altalanos ismertetesere szoritkozik. A kozlemeny celja, hogy attekintest adjon a szindroma genetikai vonatkozasairol. A nemzetkozi es a magyar nyelvű szakirodalom attanulmanyozasat vegeztuk. A naevoid basalsejtes carcinoma szindroma genetikai hatterenek, az egyelőre azonositatlan orokletes tenyezőknek pontos megismerese meg varat magara. A genetikai vizsgalatok a szindroma pontosabb megertesehez, konnyebb diagnosztizalasahoz, a pozitiv csaladtervezeshez es a szemelyre szabott terapiakhoz is hozzajarulhatnak. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(49): 2072-2077. Summary. Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, or nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, is a rare disease that requires multidisciplinary approach in patient management. The disease is genetically heterogenous and has an extremely variable expressivity. Although the syndrome is in the focus of scientific research, our knowledge of it is still limited due to the relatively low number of recognised patients and the complexity of genotype-phenotype correlation. Several papers in this field have been published in the international and also in the Hungarian literature but most of these reports are single cases or small case series of families and outline general information about the disease. Authors aimed to review the literature of the syndrome and to report the genetic background and its role in the diagnosis and treatment. A review of the English and Hungarian literature was performed. The full genetic background of the syndrome is not yet discovered. Increasing the awareness of the syndrome, collecting and thoroughly analysing the medical records and performing genetic tests on the patients may lead to the better understanding of the disease; they may also help early diagnosis and treatment, positive family planning and may establish personalized medicine. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(49): 2072-2077.

/pdf/a-gorlin-goltz-szindroma-genetikai-aspektusai-13mcl3kz4j.pdf

A Gorlin–Goltz-szindróma genetikai aspektusai

A wide scale of medical professionals including general practitioners, dentists, maxillofacial surgeons, otolaryngologists or even emergency physicians frequently encounter patients suffering from abscesses of odontogenic origin. These dental infections spreading along the fascial planes into the adjacent anatomical spaces or by the lymphatic vessels and veins may result in life-threatening situations. It is essential to prevent and - in the case of an evolved disease pattern - to treat them properly, since improper or delayed treatment may entail avoidable burdens on the healthcare system. Our aim was to review the current literature regarding the development, diagnostics and treatment of odontogenic infections. A review of the English and Hungarian literature was performed. Considerations regarding the surgical management of dental abscesses have well-tried, traditional routes. Prompt intervention is considered mandatory with surgical decompression of the swelling by performing incision and drainage. A rapid improvement of radiology has provided the possibility to realize and avoid fatal consequences of this disorder. The administration route, necessity and duration of empiric antibiotic therapy are still "debated", protocols vary across studies. Based on inconsistency in findings among the studies and lack of high-quality prospective studies, future research should evaluate evidence-based and effective management of dental abscesses. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(37): 1455-1463.

Odontogén tályogok diagnosztikája és kezelése a nemzetközi ajánlások tükrében.

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Papers

The evaluation of oesophageal function in patients with different types of oesophageal metaplasia.

Severe root resorption of the upper central incisors as a consequence of playing the flute.

A Gorlin–Goltz-szindróma genetikai aspektusai

Odontogén tályogok diagnosztikája és kezelése a nemzetközi ajánlások tükrében.