Since the World Conference on Education for All (EFA) in Jomtien, Thailand in 1990, the push for modern mass schooling has become a primary focus of national education policymakers and researchers around the world. The EFA declaration that grew out of this conference served as a culmination of a century-long movement to transform existing national educational systems into the most comprehensive mass system of schooling ever devised. Comparative education researchers have been studying both the promises and the challenges surrounding EFA for decades, but in comparative education research literature there is still neither consensus on the impact that EFA has nor clearly identified global trends in either EFA policymaking or policy implementation. It seems that for every promise that EFA brings, there is an accompanying challenge.It is this struggle between the global promises and the national challenges that this volume of "International Perspectives on Education and Society" seeks to identify and explain. Chapters range from critical syntheses of EFA policymaking or policy implementation to original comparative education research on the impact that EFA has had in specific nations or across clusters of nations. It compares and contrasts the promises of EFA v. implementation of policy. The international contributions ensure global coverage of content. It is part of the "International Perspectives on Education and Society" series.

Education for all.

児童の権利に関する条約 = Convention on the rights of the child

This paper analyzes the links between child labour and poor school performance, using data gathered in Ghana in recent years. Author Christopher Heady moves away from conventional studies on child labour and education, which tend to focus on low school enrolment and attendance. He goes further, to examine the day to day impact of child labour on those in school, finding that, as well as leaving children too tired to learn, child labour robs them of their interest in learning. Children who are already contributing economically to their family income may be less interested in academic achievement, resulting in lack of motivation that affects both their learning and their future prospects.

/pdf/what-is-the-effect-of-child-labour-on-learning-achievement-1gkyc32v3p.pdf

What is the effect of child labour on learning achievement? Evidence from Ghana

This paper examines the impact of the Asian crisis on children in Indonesia. School attendance dropped slightly after the onset of the crisis but has since rebounded to higher than pre-crisis levels. Fewer children are now working, although the older children who are working and are not attending school seem to be working longer hours. Several studies have examined the social impacts of the crisis. The findings can largely be summarized as showing that rather than being uniformly negative and severe, the crisis impact has been quite heterogeneous, depending on geographic location and household socio-economic status. Overwhelmingly, households have been shown to be very resilient in the face of hardship.

The Impact of the Indonesian Financial Crisis on Children: An analysis using the 100 villages data

Unterscheiden sich die Praferenzen fur Einkommensungleichheit systematisch zwischen den Transformationslandern Mittel- und Osteuropa im Vergleich zu den etablierten Marktwirtschaften Westeuropas? Dieses Papier analysiert die Ergebnisse einer grossen internationalen Umfrage aus dem Jahre 1999. Insbesondere wird untersucht, ob sich die Einstellungen zum Thema Ungleichheit in Ost und West unterscheiden, nachdem fur die „konventionellen“ Determinanten dieser Einstellungen kontrolliert wurde. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass dies in der Tat der Fall ist. Zehn Jahre nach dem Zusammenbruch des Kommunismus weist die Bevolkerung in den Transformationslandern eine signifikant „egalitarere“ Haltung auf als jene im Westen, insofern als sie weniger tolerant sind gegenuber gegenwartiger Einkommensungleichheiten, selbst nachdem fur das tatsachliche Niveau der Einkommensungleichheit sowie andere Einflussfaktoren kontrolliert wurde. Diese Ergebnisse scheinen auch nicht auf den relativ starken Anstieg der Ungleichheit wahrend der Transformation zuruckzufuhren zu sein, sondern konnen eher als ein Erbe aus der sozialistischen Zeit betrachtet werden. Dies hat wesentliche Implikationen fur den Grad an politischer Unterstutzung zukunftiger Reformpolitik, insbesondere die politische Umsetzbarkeit von Reformen des Wohlfahrtsstaats in den Transformationslandern.

/pdf/preferences-for-inequality-east-vs-west-4323zz8tu7.pdf

Preferences for Inequality: East vs. West

Economic Decline and Child Survival: The plight of Latin America in the eighties

The paper reflects on the potential of the OECD-DAC creditor reporting system to systematically capture flows of official development assistance (ODA) in support of realizing children rights. The growth in modalities for delivering aid, including sector p

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/63360/1/558977774.pdf

Issues to consider in assessing international support for realizing children's rights: A reflection on aid modalities and transparency in reporting and a review of aid for basic social services

The paper reflects on the potential of the OECD DAC creditor reporting system to systematically capture flows of official development assistance (ODA) in support of realising children’s rights. The growth in modalities for delivering aid, including sector programmes, SWAP’s, dedicated funds which encompass public-private partnerships such as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, as well as the OECD-DAC commitment to promote harmonization and simplification in provision of ODA and promote government ownership through general budget support raises challenges to assessing ODA for children. The question also needs asking whether singling out and measuring direct assistance to children is meaningful. The paper goes on to analyse ODA trends for basic social services. It shows that ODA to basic social services as a proportion of total ODA has been on an upward trend during the 1995-2004 period, particularly since 2000, the year in which the Millennium Summit set out the Millennium Agenda including the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and further boosted by the Monterrey Conference on Financing for Development. It shows that ODA to combat HIV and address AIDS infections has increased rapidly since 2000, but does not alone explain the overall increased aid share for basic social services. The analysis further confirms that social sector programmes and sector wide approaches (SWAP’s) are on the rise but still account only form a small portion of total ODA to basic social services although a number of such programmes are targeted specifically to basic services.

/pdf/international-support-for-the-realisation-of-children-s-4fjroz2h2a.pdf

International Support for the Realisation of Children’s Rights: Aid Modalities and Accountability in Reporting, and a Review of Aid for Basic Social Services

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Economic Decline and Child Survival: The plight of Latin America in the eighties

Issues to consider in assessing international support for realizing children's rights: A reflection on aid modalities and transparency in reporting and a review of aid for basic social services

International Support for the Realisation of Children’s Rights: Aid Modalities and Accountability in Reporting, and a Review of Aid for Basic Social Services