Background Dengue is an arboviral disease caused by dengue virus. Symptomatic dengue infection causes a wide range of clinical manifestations, from mild dengue fever (DF) to potentially fatal disease, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). We conducted a literature review to analyze the risks of DHF and current perspectives for DHF prevention and control. Methods According to the PRISMA guidelines, the references were selected from PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar database using search strings containing a combination of terms that included dengue hemorrhagic fever, pathogenesis, prevention and control. Quality of references were evaluated by independent reviewers. Results DHF was first reported in the Philippines in 1953 and further transmitted to the countries in the region of South-East Asia and Western Pacific. Plasma leakages is the main pathophysiological hallmark that distinguishes DHF from DF. Severe plasma leakage can result in hypovolemic shock. Various factors are thought to impact disease presentation and severity. Virus virulence, preexisting dengue antibodies, immune dysregulation, lipid change and host genetic susceptibility are factors reported to be correlated with the development of DHF. However, the exact reasons and mechanisms that triggers DHF remains controversial. Currently, no specific drugs and licensed vaccines are available to treat dengue disease in any of its clinical presentations. Conclusion This study concludes that antibody-dependent enhancement, cytokine dysregulation and variation of lipid profiles are correlated with DHF occurrence. Prompt diagnosis, appropriate treatment, active and continuous surveillance of cases and vectors are the essential determinants for dengue prevention and control.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever- A Systemic Literature Review of Current Perspectives on Pathogenesis, Prevention and Control

Mosquitoes: Identification, Ecology and Control

Mosquito-borne diseases having the greatest impact on human health are typically prevalent in the tropical belt of the world. However, these diseases are conquering temperate regions, raising the question of the role of temperature on their dynamics and expansion. Temperature is one of the most significant abiotic factors affecting, in many ways, insect vectors and the pathogens they transmit. Here, we debate the veracity of this claim by synthesizing current knowledge on the effects of temperature on arboviruses and their vectors, as well as the outcome of their interactions.

/pdf/the-role-of-temperature-in-shaping-mosquito-borne-viruses-3oxnoys95j.pdf

The Role of Temperature in Shaping Mosquito-Borne Viruses Transmission

France faced an unusual situation of dengue transmission in 2022, with 65 autochthonous cases spread over nine transmission events by 21 October. This exceeded the number of cases observed during the entire period 2010 to 2021. Six of these events occurred in departments that had never experienced autochthonous dengue transmission. We provide an update of dengue surveillance data in mainland France in 2022. The multiplication of transmission events calls for continuous adaption of preparedness and response to arbovirus-related risks. 

/pdf/autochthonous-dengue-in-mainland-france-2022-geographical-2xll2ays.pdf

Autochthonous dengue in mainland France, 2022: geographical extension and incidence increase

Reviewing estimates of the basic reproduction number for dengue, Zika and chikungunya across global climate zones.

Dengue has emerged as the most important viral mosquito-borne disease globally. The current risk of dengue outbreaks in Europe appeared with the introduction of the vector Aedes albopictus mosquito in Mediterranean countries. Considering the increasing frequency of dengue epidemics worldwide and the movement of viraemic hosts, it is expected that new autochthonous cases will occur in the future in Europe. Arbovirus surveillance started in Catalonia in 2015 to monitor imported cases and detect possible local arboviral transmission. During 2015, 131 patients with a recent travel history to endemic countries were tested for dengue virus (DENV) and 65 dengue cases were detected. Twenty-eight patients with a febrile illness were viraemic, as demonstrated by a positive real-time RT-PCR test for DENV in serum samples. Entomological investigations around the viraemic cases led to the detection of DENV in a pool of local Ae. albopictus captured in the residency of one case. The sequence of the DENV envelope gene detected in the mosquito pool was identical to that detected in the patient. Our results show how entomological surveillance conducted around viraemic travellers can be effective for early detection of DENV in mosquitoes and thus might help to prevent possible autochthonous transmission.

/pdf/arbovirus-surveillance-first-dengue-virus-detection-in-local-1hfjauqts3.pdf

Arbovirus surveillance: first dengue virus detection in local Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Europe, Catalonia, Spain, 2015.

Cemeteries have been shown to permit the development of the invasive mosquito Aedes albopictus in Southern Europe and this has facilitated its establishment on account of the huge quantity of flower pots which are adequate breeding sites for this container-adapted species. A control technique consisting of the use of pieces of metallic copper has been repeatedly proposed as a control solution for mosquito larvae in these pots. Although theoretically promising, this technique has not been used at an operative level, as there has been a lack of information on the best adapted copper formulation as well as on the mosquito larval population dynamics. The present study was planned to characterise the spatial larval distribution of Aedes albopictus in flower pots in a wall-niche burial system, and to test the cost-effectiveness of metallic copper application. We found that the preliminary distribution of larvae and pupae in the cemetery was not related to height from the ground but varied between buildings. During the 8 weeks of the trial, application of copper in the form of thin electric wire resulted in a season-accumulated reduction of 90.95% in the production of larvae and 97.06% of the pupae. Application costs and social interactions are discussed as other control methodologies would be more cost-efficient in this specific context. Copper application could be suitable for domestic environments, if application is performed adequately. Journal of the European Mosquito Control Association 35: 13-17, 2017

/pdf/spatial-distribution-of-immature-stages-of-aedes-albopictus-kwoo0yy6en.pdf

Spatial distribution of immature stages of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) in flower pots in a Spanish cemetery and field evaluation of metallic copper as a control agent

TEMPORARY REMOVAL: PO-62: Improves oral anticoagulation controls and quality of life in by remote control compared to traditional controls in oncological thrombosis in the pediatric population.

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Arbovirus surveillance: first dengue virus detection in local Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Europe, Catalonia, Spain, 2015.

Spatial distribution of immature stages of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) in flower pots in a Spanish cemetery and field evaluation of metallic copper as a control agent

TEMPORARY REMOVAL: PO-62: Improves oral anticoagulation controls and quality of life in by remote control compared to traditional controls in oncological thrombosis in the pediatric population.