The authors aimed to characterize the current evidence base regarding musicians' musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS), in order to identify gaps for future research. A systematic search was conducted to identify peer-review studies published in English in 2007-2016 that investigated musicians' MSS. Narrative reviews, case reports, protocols, and questionnaire or program development papers were excluded. Data were synthesized descriptively in order to identify gaps in the current evidence base. Five systematic reviews and 153 primary studies (133 unique) were included in this review. The majority (71%) of studies investigated professional musicians and/or university music students, with orchestral musicians being the most commonly investigated group. The majority of studies investigated the extent of the problem (68%) and/or associated factors (54%). Eight studies compared the prevalence of MSS outcomes with other populations. A range of risk factors were investigated; however, few studies used longitudinal designs. A total of 16 intervention studies were identified (3 clinical, 13 public health), with 12 investigating education or exercise programs. There is a need for research into musicians beyond classical university music students and professional orchestral musicians, and these musical sub-groups should be compared to determine the most at risk groups of musicians. Studies looking at potential risk factors should move towards longitudinal designs so that the temporal relationship of these factors and MSS could be established, where cross-sectional designs have indicated that an association exists. Intervention studies should be based upon the risk factors identified, and extend beyond education and exercise programs. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(3):291-331.

/pdf/have-musicians-musculoskeletal-symptoms-been-thoroughly-4aqvtsbf2y.pdf

Have musicians' musculoskeletal symptoms been thoroughly addressed? A systematic mapping review.

Overview: Working music theater singers (MTS) typically have a heavy vocal load and little is known about their perception of vocal function. The Evaluation of the Ability to Sing Easily (EASE) was used to assess professional MTS' perceptions of current singing voice status and to compare scores across demographic and performance characteristics and to evaluate the construct validity of the EASE and its subscales (VF = Vocal Fatigue, PRI = Pathologic-Risk Indicators). Methods: Professional MTS (n = 284) completed an online survey including the EASE and two additional Vocal Concern (VC) items. Scores were compared across age, gender, whether currently working, role, perceived vocal load over the past 24 h and self-reported voice problem. Results: For the whole cohort, statistically significant differences were found on all subscales according to whether or not singers perceived themselves to have a voice problem (p Conclusions: These findings provide further validation of the EASE as a useful tool for measuring singers' perceptions of vocal function and suggest that the subscales should be scored separately. Future evaluation of the EASE against objective clinical assessments (e.g., videostroboscopy) is recommended. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

Measuring vocal function in professional music theater singers: construct validation of the Evaluation of the Ability to Sing Easily (EASE).

Einleitung: Der lateinamerikanische Formationstanz zahlt zu den technisch-kompositorischen Sportarten und stellt in seiner leistungs- und wettkampforientierten Form neben dem Einzelpaartanz eine weitere Disziplin des Tanzsports dar. Trotz des hohen Beliebtheitsgrades und einer verletzungsbegunstigenden Bewegungsspezifik fehlen Studien zu Formationstanz bezogenen Gefahrdungen und Gesundheitsschaden bisher. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Analyse von Formationstanz-bezogenen Gesundheitsschaden einschlieslich ihrer Ursachen. Methoden: An dieser retrospektiven Querschnittuntersuchung in Form eines anonymisierten Fragebogens nahmen insgesamt n = 100 Tanzsportler/innen der hochsten deutschen Liga (m: n = 52, w: n = 48) teil. Ergebnisse: Das durchschnittliche Gewicht betrug bei den Herren und Damen 75,2 kg bzw. 58,2 kg bei einer durchschnittlichen Korpergrose von 1,82 m (m) bzw. 1,67 m (w) und einem durchschnittlichen BMI von 22,2 (m) bzw. 20,0 (w). 69,3 % (m) und 77,6 % (w) hatten sich im Verlauf ihrer Sportkarriere mindestens einmal eine akute Verletzung/chronischen Sportschaden zugezogen. Nahezu alle (97,9 %) der Verletzungen ereigneten sich im Training. Insgesamt wurden 409 Verletzungen/Uberlastungsschaden (= 4,1 Verletzungen/Tanzsportler/in) angegeben. Davon waren 80,4 % akute Verletzungen und 19,5 % chronische Sportschaden. Die Damen waren haufiger verletzt. Die untere Extremitat stellte mit 64,5 % (m) bzw. 71,2 % (w) die am haufigsten betroffene Region dar, gefolgt von der oberen Extremitat (m: 21,2 %, w: 17,6 %) und der Wirbelsaule/dem Rumpf (m: 12,0 %, w: 8,5 %). Blockierungen und Muskelzerrungen bei Herren sowie Prellungen und Muskelzerrungen bei Damen wurden am haufigsten genannt. Bei den chronischen Schaden waren Chondropathien/Arthrosen am haufigsten. Ca. 2/3 der Verletzungen waren dabei durch extrinsische, ca. 1/3 durch intrinsische Faktoren verursacht worden. Schlussfolgerung: Die Verletzungsmuster im Bereich des lateinamerikanischen Formationstanzes zeigen einerseits Parallelen zum Einzelpaartanz. Andererseits scheinen sich die fur diese Disziplin typischen und geschlechtsspezifischen Bewegungselemente in den Verletzungen und chronischen Sportschaden widerzuspiegeln. Dies muss bei der Entwicklung von praventiven Masnahmen berucksichtigt werden. Es besteht dazu ein Bedarf an weiteren Studien, die eine noch differenzierte Analyse ermoglichen.

[Dance sport: injury profile in Latin American formation dancing].

Musculoskeletal symptoms (MSSs) are common among professional musicians; however, most of the research has focused on orchestral/classical musicians. In some countries orchestral and classical musicians are in the minority; hence targeting research towards these specific sub-groups of musicians is unlikely to address the overall burden of musicians' MSSs, unless the research is generalizable to other types of musicians. This multidisciplinary narrative review seeks to answer the question: "why do we need to examine the MSSs of non-classical groups of performing musicians in order to reduce the burden of musicians' MSSs?". There are differences in the education, posture, tasks (e.g. military training for military band musicians, dancing for those in musical theatre), venues and management of MSSs for different types of musicians. Future research should compare classical and non-classical musicians in order to determine which specific sub-groups (e.g. military band musicians) have the greatest MSS burden, such that further research into the risk factors of and interventions for MSSs can be targeted towards the sub-groups of musicians with the greatest MSS burden. In doing so, we maximise the likelihood of being able to introduce interventions, policies and practice that reduce the burden of musicians' MSSs.

/pdf/why-do-we-need-to-investigate-non-classical-musicians-to-2kgwlsai1q.pdf

Why do we need to investigate non-classical musicians to reduce the burden of musicians' musculoskeletal symptoms?

XXI Resumo XXIII List of abbreviations XXVII General Introduction 1 Chapter 1. Theoretical Background 3 Adolescence 5 Definition 5 Physiological characteristics 5 Psychosocial characteristics 7 Health risks 8 Health opportunities 9 Adolescents’ lifestyles 10 Diet and Physical Activity in adolescence 11 Adolescents’ diet 11 Adolescents’ physical activity 14 Diet and physical activity as predictors of weight outcomes 18 Physical activity, dietary and nutritional intake correlates 19 Dietary and nutritional intake correlates 21 Physical activity correlates 30 Adolescents’ nutrition and physical activity knowledge 37 Nutrition knowledge 38 Physical activity knowledge 42 Nutrition and physical activity health interventions 44 Chapter 2. Purposes and Structure 49 Chapter 3. Original Research 53 Paper I. 55

/pdf/adolescents-nutrition-and-physical-activity-knowledge-and-41f7l8sshu.pdf

Adolescents' Nutrition and Physical Activity Knowledge and Practices

UNLABELLED Musical theater performers are the "triathletes" in the performing arts. The field requires versatility in a combination of skills including dancing, singing, and drama in a high frequency of performances. The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the health situation of musical theater students using a complete musical educational institute as an example (n = 37). METHODS The basis for the evaluation was a questionnaire survey (standardized F 1000). All students of the school participated (20 males, 17 females). RESULTS Of the students, 62% have a part-time job for financial reasons, and 67.7% state only a "partial satisfaction" with their body. Regarding injury, 45.9% claim to sustain an orthopaedic injury up to twice a year, and 29.7% up to three or four times. A total of 49 acute injuries (1.3/student) and 42 chronic complaints (1.1/student) were stated. The lower extremity was the most common acutely injured region (65.3%), followed by the spine (16.3%) and upper extremity (14.3%). Of chronic complaints, the lumbar spine was the most commonly affected area, followed by the hip joint and pelvic area. Thirty-three and 24% of acute injuries occurred during "spins" and/or "stretching," respectively. There were various causes for physical and mental problems. DISCUSSION The results show both parallels and differences to the relevant literature. It is shown that health hazards already arise in the education of musical performers. This provides particulars for the implementation of injury prevention measures during the theoretical and practical education of musical students.

Survey of health problems in musical theater students: a pilot study.

Eating is a central part in human (social) life. Athletic performance and physical attractiveness are linked to appropriate nutritional behavior, especially for performing artists. Eating behavior and nutrition knowledge have not been examined in musical theatre students so far, which this study aims to analyze. We administered a cross-sectional questionnaire study to 37 musical theatre students. Results for the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) showed non-pathological values for 92% of all participants, but 81% of participants answered correctly on only 30-59% of questions on the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ). Our study results reveal the need for specific nutritional knowledge transfer programs for this target group.

Eating behavior and nutrition knowledge among musical theatre students.

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Survey of health problems in musical theater students: a pilot study.

Eating behavior and nutrition knowledge among musical theatre students.