A review on emerging composite materials for cesium adsorption and environmental remediation on the latest decade

Nuclear power is critical in addressing the growing energy demand required for an improved quality of life. Its sustainable development, however, rests on the accessibility of fuel material and the ability to manage a nuclear fuel cycle safely and efficiently. Recently, porous organic polymers (POPs) have been shown to provide improved radionuclide sequestration performance over traditional porous materials in terms of both uptake capacity and selectivity. These materials also exhibit improved stability and are readily functionalized, rendering them promising materials for a number of emergent applications. This Opinion demonstrates achievements in engineered POPs for nuclear fuel mining and remediation of representative radioactive species, along with discussions of the underlying design strategies and principles. Future research opportunities and implementation barriers are also discussed with the hope of inspiring additional scientists to engage in this emerging area of research.

Opportunities of Porous Organic Polymers for Radionuclide Sequestration

Performance of geopolymer tiles in high temperature and saturation conditions

ABSTRACT Sulfur-based aqueous batteries (SABs) are deemed promising candidates for safe, low-cost, and high-capacity energy storage. However, despite their high theoretical capacity, achieving high reversible value remains a great challenge due to the thermodynamic and kinetics problems of elemental sulfur. Here, the reversible six-electron redox electrochemistry is constructed by activating the sulfur oxidation reaction (SOR) process of the elaborate mesocrystal NiS2 (M-NiS2). Through the unique 6e− solid-to-solid conversion mechanism, SOR efficiency can reach an unprecedented degree of ca. 96.0%. The SOR efficiency is further revealed to be closely associated with the kinetics feasibility and thermodynamic stability of the M-NiS2 intermedium in the formation of elemental sulfur. Benefiting from the boosted SOR, compared with the bulk electrode, the M-NiS2 electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity (1258 mAh g−1), ultrafast reaction kinetics (932 mAh g−1 at 12 A g−1), and long-term cyclability (2000 cycles at 20 A g−1). As a proof of concept, a new M-NiS2‖Zn hybrid aqueous battery exhibits an output voltage of 1.60 V and an energy density of 722.4 Wh kgcath−1, which opens a new opportunity for the development of high-energy aqueous batteries.

Activating sulfur oxidation reaction via six-electron redox mesocrystal NiS2 for sulfur-based aqueous batteries

With the wide application of nuclear energy, the problem of radioactive pollution has attracted worldwide attention, and the research on the treatment of radioactive wastewater is imminent. How to treat radioactive wastewater deeply and efficiently has become the most critical issue in the development of nuclear energy technology. The radioactive wastewater produced after using nuclear technology has the characteristics of many kinds, high concentration, and large quantity. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the treatment technology of radioactive wastewater in reprocessing plants. The process flow and waste liquid types of the post-treatment plant are reviewed. The commonly used evaporation concentration, adsorption, precipitation, ion exchange, biotechnology, membrane separation, and photocatalysis are summarized. The basic principles and technological characteristics of them are introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of different single and combined processes are compared, and the development trend of future processing technology is prospected.

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Radioactive Wastewater Treatment Technologies: A Review

Relationship between zeolite structure and capture capability for radioactive cesium and strontium.

To eliminate the radioisotope 137Cs+ from contaminated water, various inorganic ion-exchange materials have been developed. Many selective ion-exchange materials are relatively expensive and difficult to prepare, whereas conventional materials such as aluminosilicate zeolites lack ion-exchange selectivity in the presence of competing cations. Here, we report a simple but powerful strategy to significantly increase the Cs+ selectivity of conventional zeolites. We demonstrate that encapsulation of elemental sulfur in the micropores of zeolites (NaA, NaX, chabazite, and mordenite) via vacuum sublimation can remarkably increase the selectivity toward Cs+ in the presence of competing ions. It appears that the elemental sulfur does not provide additional adsorption sites for Cs+ ions but increases the ion-exchange selectivity toward Cs+ by providing additional interaction. Various analyses show that sulfur partially donates its electron to the ion-exchanged Cs+ cations in zeolites, indicating significant Lewis ...

Synergy between Zeolite Framework and Encapsulated Sulfur for Enhanced Ion-Exchange Selectivity to Radioactive Cesium

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Relationship between zeolite structure and capture capability for radioactive cesium and strontium.

Synergy between Zeolite Framework and Encapsulated Sulfur for Enhanced Ion-Exchange Selectivity to Radioactive Cesium