Despite the number of vocational programs for florists, florists are still considered to be hobbyists rather than specialized professionals in horticulture. The lack of a practical, unified vocational education system prevents the field from being specialized. The purpose of this study is to assess the participants recognition and analyze the structural equation model (SEM) of floral design courses to improve the direction of floral design education. Participants, the majority of whom were women in their 40s and 50s, filled out questionnaires regarding their experience with vocational education programs. Collected data showed high satisfaction with education, intent to persist in education, and attitude towards education. In the SEM analysis, the education satisfaction of participants improved as they increased their understanding of horticulture and aesthetics, learned specialized job skills, and obtained helpful certificates. The intent to persist in education is improved as the education satisfaction is improved. In addition, as the education satisfaction and intent to persist in education continue to improve, the attitude towards education becomes stronger, directly or indirectly. Thus, it is necessary to enhance technical education and aesthetics to improve the satisfaction, intent to persist, and attitude. Also horticultural therapy, producing wedding, funeral arrangements, etc., and flower/garden culture education need to be added to the education contents for expanding the scope of business.

/pdf/recognition-assessment-and-structural-equation-model-of-3ubxefvkl7.pdf

Recognition Assessment and Structural Equation Model of Participants after Learning Floral Design Courses as Vocational Education

This study was conducted to investigate the changes in the frequency of use, users’ behaviour and satisfaction of Seonhaksan and Bibongsan mountains near city center improved through the park and green spaces projects implemented by Jinju City Hall from 2004 to 2016. The number of visitors per day was measured by observation surveys in 2004 and 2016. The users’ behaviour and satisfaction were measured by questionnaires in 2004 and 2017. The collected data were analyzed by frequency analysis and independent sample t-test. The number of visitors per day increased about two times on weekdays and more than 2.5 times on weekends in 2016 than in 2004. Relatively the number of male visitors increased more than that of female visitors. The share of elderly visitors has increased and the number of visitors who live out of 1 km radius has increased. The goals of visit were changed from hiking or walking to various recreational activities, and the number of users visiting by car increased. The number of visits and the duration of visit has decreased. The inconveniences of trails and exercise facilities were significantly reduced, and the necessity of family recreational facilities fulfilled. The necessity of outdoor learning facilities and programs has not been recognized. Comprehensively, the results indicate that the recreational quality of Seonhaksan and Bibongsan mountains has improved. Further implementation of target-oriented parks and green spaces will be necessary in the future.

/pdf/changes-in-frequency-of-use-and-satisfaction-of-visitors-on-3ia5gacng2.pdf

Changes in Frequency of Use and Satisfaction of Visitors on Urban Forest as Recreational Resources- Focused on Seonhaksan and Bibongsan Mountains, Jinju City, Korea -

Forest therapy and recreation (FTR) has become a popular mode for promoting physical and mental health and enhancing well-being in the recent era. However, reliance on forests exposes it to potential dangers, such as the impact of over-development on natural ecology, the threat of mosquito bites and poisonous plants to tourists' health, and the lack of attractiveness, which can be seen as the limitation or the ‘dark’ sides of FTR that restrict its sustainable development. Scholars have begun to pay additional attention on this subject matter, however, effective identification, management, and circumvention of these ‘dark’ sides is still limited. A comprehensive review of the ‘dark’ side of FTR is still limited. Therefore, this research reveals five themes of the ‘dark’ side of FTR through 140 collected publications based on thematic analysis, and provides an in-depth analysis of each theme. On this basis, research gaps of existing studies were revealed and future research directions were clarified, including: (1) low impact development; (2) smart monitoring; (3) strategies to improve safety; (4) empirical medical research; (5) social participation attraction; (6) multidisciplinary research approach; (7) differentiated development; and (8) standard certification. Findings of this research reveal a knowledge map of the ‘dark’ side of FTR, guide researchers to develop a new perspective to conduct related research and provide a platform for practitioners understanding the constraints on development and help taking preventive management measures. 

Exploring the ‘dark’ side of forest therapy and recreation: A critical review and future directions

/pdf/a-study-on-recognition-and-demands-of-forest-interpretation-2bmwgm7ur3.pdf

A Study on Recognition and Demands of Forest Interpretation Programs: Focused on Jinju City and Gyeongnam Region

Background and objective: This study was conducted to establish a plan and promotion strategies for designating Worasan Garden in Jinju as a national garden.Methods: First, we examined the legal designation requirements and related regulations of national gardens through literature reviews, field investigations, and interviews regarding Suncheonman National Garden and Taehwagang National Garden, which were designated. We also conducted case studies on the organizational structure for national garden designation in terms of administration; spatial composition, major plant materials, and facilities in terms of garden planning; operating hours, management/operation organizations, and other garden characteristics in terms of operation.Results: The concept and designation requirements of national gardens are set by law. Worasan Garden is located in the gentle mountain area of Worasan, where forests damaged by forest fires in the past were restored by the voluntary effort of citizens, and is connected to four villages with the rural landscape. By converging the climate and vegetation of the southern region with the mountain topography, rural culture, and historical resources, Worasan Garden can be planned as a national garden with differentiation and identity. To effectively promote national garden designation, it is first necessary to hold garden expansion campaigns such as citizen publicity and garden education to obtain citizens' positive awareness, support, and participation. The garden hinterland must be designated as a green district to prevent sprawl. Cooperation with local residents, experts, and related organizations, as well as training in human resources, are also needed. Events such as a garden expo are required to improve the image. There must also be garden publicity and marketing as well as regional tourism. It is also necessary to establish garden-related ordinances and integrated plans.Conclusion: The Jinju government must first register Worasan Garden as a local garden. It is necessary to establish a creation plan and implementation strategies to meet the requirements for national garden designation from the point where preparations are made for a local garden. The garden must be planned and designed so that it has an identity as a national garden and is differentiated from others by combining the symbol of forest restoration in Worasan Mountain, the characteristics of the forest landscape in the southern region, and the image of urban countryside villages that represent the historical and cultural resources of Jinju. The implementation strategies require a bottom-up resident participation plan by obtaining positive awareness, support, and participation of citizens for national gardens, establishing laws and systems, and performing administrative or financial tasks.

A Plan and Strategy on Garden Creation for National Garden Designation: Focused on Worasan Garden in Jinju, South Korea

Analysis on Residents Recognition and Preference for Planning a Natural Recreation Forest Near City - Focused on Planning Mt. Wora Natural Recreation Forest in Jinju City -

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Analysis on Residents Recognition and Preference for Planning a Natural Recreation Forest Near City - Focused on Planning Mt. Wora Natural Recreation Forest in Jinju City -