There is no universally accepted working linguistic definition of a language; the distinction between a dialect and a language is a political question. On the basis of a discussion of this problem, the article proposes that the ISO 639 family of standards, issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), amounts to the backbone of an emerging global regime of language recognition. This regime is being rapidly coaxed into being by the booming IT industry and by the Internet, both of which require clear-cut and uniform standards on languages and their scripts in order to function efficiently and profitably. A potentially undesirable and divisive foundation of the regulatory regime, stemming from and meeting the distinctive sectoral purposes of the world of Evangelicalism and Bible translation, is a hurdle to be overcome in achieving a universally accepted system of language standards. Despite efforts by other actors, there is no viable secular alternative in prospect, because the religiously-grounded system has an established and substantial “first mover” advantage in the field.

/pdf/the-global-regime-of-language-recognition-16gj9og5e4.pdf

The global regime of language recognition

Terminology and Lexicography Research and Practice aims to provide in-depth studies and background information pertaining to Lexicography and Terminology. General works include philosophical, historical, theoretical, computational and cognitive approaches. Other works focus on structures for purpose- and domain-specific compilation (LSP), dictionary design, and training. The series includes monographs, state-of-the-art volumes and course books in the English language. 

Terminology and Lexicography Research and Practice

Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg brach eine Blutezeit fur Information und Dokumentation (IuD) nicht zuletzt auch durch die Verstarkung zwischenstaatlicher Beziehungen in Politik, Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft an, die durch eine Vielzahl von Aktivitaten von immer mehr internationalen Organisationen befordert und erleichtert wurden. Die beschleunigte Entwicklung von Wissenschaft und Technik verstarkte diese Entwicklung. Der Bedarf an Sprachmittlungsdienstleistungen wuchs. Schon bald wurde der Mangel an terminologischen Informationen spurbar – immer mehr Verlage produzierten immer mehr Fachworterbucher. Komplementar zur Entwicklung von IuD-Aktivitaten entstand auch der Bedarf an Terminologiedokumentation im Sinne von IuD auf dem Gebiet der Terminologie. Mit der rasanten Entwicklung des Internets gegen Ende des Jahrhunderts wurden viele IuD-Aktivitaten und -Funktionen immer mehr ins Internet verlagert und von den Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) ubernommen. Die arbeitsintensive Terminologiedokumentation wurde dadurch bis auf wenige Terminologiezentren drastisch reduziert – obwohl sie ihrem eigentlichen Zweck nach in vielen Sprach- und Fachgemeinschaften immer noch dringend gebraucht wurde.

Blütezeit der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Terminologie einerseits und Information und Dokumentation (IuD) andererseits: 1980–2000

The paper focuses on European language policy. A polity of 27 states with 23 official languages is an enormous challenge. The public discourse of EU politicians stresses the need to maintain all the languages of the EU, for they are an essential component of European identity. The EU's linguistic reality looks different. It is characterised by the ever greater predominance of just one language, English. Recent publications have shown that the hegemony of English has led to severe disadvantages for non-anglophones in general and in academia in particular. There is a growing awareness of the dangers emanating from the dominance of one language over all other languages. Several options for language policy have been presented to find fair and democratic approaches to international communication. Their scope includes (1) multilingualism/plurilingualism, (2) restriction to receptive skills (e.g. European Intercomprehension), (3) reduced variants of English, e.g. the model 'English as a Lingua Franca (ELF)', (4)...

Approaches to fair linguistic communication

This paper is concerned with Esperanto, the only planned language system that has managed the successful transition from the status of a mere project to a full-fledged language. This is partly due to linguostructural properties, but above all to extralinguistic factors. Esperanto has found a sufficiently diverse and productive speech community which guarantees the constant and sustained dissemination of the language. This paper describes Esperanto as a planned language of the autonomous a posteriori subgroup. Its linguistic norm, which is documented in the Fundamento de Esperanto (1905), has developed steadily and become stable. It is supervised by the Akademio de Esperanto. Self-regulation takes place in a field of tension between diversifying forces (e.g. different linguistic and cultural influences because of the speakers' native backgrounds) and unifying forces (e.g. application during international meetings, literature, and radio programs). Its productive and flexible word formation system and syntax make Esperanto a means of communication with high expressive quality and stylistic variation. The main reason for the ease of Esperanto communication, however, is its democratic character: the lack of a native speaker whose competence decides on the language standard facilitates symmetrical communication.

Standardization and self-regulation in an international speech community: the case of Esperanto

Internationale Sprachnormung in der Technik : besonders in der Elektrotechnik (die nationale Sprachnormung und ihre Verallgemeinerung)

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Internationale Sprachnormung in der Technik : besonders in der Elektrotechnik (die nationale Sprachnormung und ihre Verallgemeinerung)