Mechanochemistry is becoming more widespread as a technique for molecular synthesis with new mechanochemical reactions being discovered at increasing frequency. Whilst mechanochemical methods are solvent free and can therefore lead to improved sustainability metrics, it is more likely that the significant differences between reaction outcomes, reaction selectivities and reduced reaction times will make it a technique of interest to synthetic chemists. Herein, we provide an overview of mechanochemistry reaction examples, with ‘direct’ comparators to solvent based reactions, which collectively seemingly show that solid state grinding can lead to reduced reaction times, different reaction outcomes in product selectivity and in some instances different reaction products, including products not accessible in solution.

/pdf/mechanochemistry-as-an-emerging-tool-for-molecular-synthesis-1fikz7tsl4.pdf

Mechanochemistry as an emerging tool for molecular synthesis: what can it offer?

Homoleptic mononuclear nine-coordinate lanthanum(III) and europium(III) tris-complexes [Ln(N∧N∧O)3]·nH2O with two tridentate N-benzylbenzimidazole pyridine-2-carboxylates exhibit a rare C3-symmetry of the lanthanide coordination polyhedron in the solid state, as confirmed by luminescence spectroscopy and by X-ray crystallography (the three N∧N∧O ligands are arranged “up–up−up” around the lanthanide ion). The symmetry, however, is changed to the more common C1 upon dissolution of the complexes in dichloromethane, as revealed by luminescence spectroscopy (the three ligands are likely to be arranged “up–up–down”). The new europium complexes emit efficient ligand-sensitized metal-centered luminescence with excited-state lifetimes of 1.56–2.18 ms and quantum yields of 25–41% in the solid and in solution. The change of the symmetry from (a higher) C3 to (a lower) C1 alters the luminescence spectrum, shortens the radiative lifetime, and increases the luminescence efficiency of the europium complexes.

Influence of Symmetry on the Luminescence and Radiative Lifetime of Nine-Coordinate Europium Complexes

The commercial availability of combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/positron emission tomography (PET) scanners for clinical use has increased demand for easily prepared agents which offer signal or contrast in both modalities. Herein we describe a new class of silica coated iron–oxide nanorods (NRs) coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and/or a tetraazamacrocyclic chelator (DO3A). Studies of the coated NRs validate their composition and confirm their properties as in vivo T2 MRI contrast agents. Radiolabelling studies with the positron emitting radioisotope gallium-68 (t1/2 = 68 min) demonstrate that, in the presence of the silica coating, the macrocyclic chelator was not required for preparation of highly stable radiometal-NR constructs. In vivo PET-CT and MR imaging studies show the expected high liver uptake of gallium-68 radiolabelled nanorods with no significant release of gallium-68 metal ions, validating our innovation to provide a novel simple method for labelling of iron oxide NRs with a radiometal in the absence of a chelating unit that can be used for high sensitivity liver imaging.

/pdf/chelator-free-gallium-68-radiolabelling-of-silica-coated-5968jgx245.pdf

Chelator free gallium-68 radiolabelling of silica coated iron oxide nanorods via surface interactions

Development of a fluorescent chemosensor for chloride ion detection in sweat using Ag+-benzimidazole complexes

Since lanthanide luminescent materials generally possess striking and special spectroscopic or photophysical features such as sharp emission bands and long lifetimes, they have emerged as new platforms in sensory and diagnostic fields. This review aims to summarize the recent development relevant to the assembly of ligand design and fluorogenic species for a wide range of analytes. Moreover, the flexible and rigid optical frameworks include not only the molecular-based functional complexes, numerous lanthanide hybrid nanocomposite materials that lie between the interface of organic and inorganic hosts also provide possibilities to fabricate tailor-made optical probes due to their unique chemical and physical properties. The remarkable examples of newly-designed lanthanide hybrid sensing materials (siloxane or titania based hybrids, carbon-related nanomaterials, polymeric composites and noble metal based probes) are discussed in this review.

Prevailing paradigms in novel lanthanide optical probes from molecular complexes to hybrid materials

The synthesis of a new macrocyclic chelator incorporating a benzimidazole heterocycle is reported. Lanthanide complexes with macrocyclic chelators based on 1,4,7,10-tetra(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DOTA) and 1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO3A) are of interest in luminescent, radiopharmaceutical and magnetic resonance (MR) biomedical imaging applications. The benzimidazole DO3A chelator allows for sensitisation of europium(III), terbium(III) and ytterbium(III) luminescence by the heterocycle and also shows a pH dependent coordination change due to protonation of the chelator (pKa = 4.1 for the europium(III) complex). The thermodynamic stability of the complexes has been investigated by potentiometric titration with the gadolinium(III) complex showing significantly higher stability than the zinc(II) complex, where log βZnLH = 28.1 and log βGdLH = 32.1.

A benzimidazole functionalised DO3A chelator showing pH switchable coordination modes with lanthanide ions

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Euan Fuller

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

A benzimidazole functionalised DO3A chelator showing pH switchable coordination modes with lanthanide ions