Toxicity of the Mucigogue, Eugenol, Administered By Stomach Tube to Dogs

/pdf/blue-cohosh-history-science-safety-and-midwife-prescribing-3nxkl52s00.pdf

Blue Cohosh: History, Science, Safety, and Midwife Prescribing of a Potentially Fetotoxic Herb

The Elder tree (Sambucus nigra L., Caprifoliaceae) is a medicinal plant described in international pharmacopoeias, not yet mentioned in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. The flowers of this European species are commercialized in natura by the pharmacopeial name of Sambuci flos, with diuretic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and mild laxative purposes, and to treat respiratory diseases, through infusions or decoctions forms. Aiming at elaborating an updated pharmacopeial monograph, the macro and microscopic botanic characters were established, with the classic methodology used in plant morpho-anatomy. The macroscopic characters are: monoclin and equal flowers; corolla with three to five millimeters of diameter; petals with three to four parallel veins; equal stamens; ovary often with three locules. The main microscopic characters are: thickened and striated cuticle; anomocytic stomatas; bracts, sepals and petals with sandy crystals of calcium oxalate idioblasts; hypostomatic bracts; amphystomatic sepals; amphi-hypostomatic petals; strongly wavy epidermal cells in the lower surface of sepals and petals; filaments epidermal cells with narrow and straight walls; glandular and non-glandular trichomes of different types in all pieces; homogeneous mesophyll in bracts, sepals and petals; vascular system represented by both collateral bundles and xylematic elements; volatile and non-volatile oil globules in all structures.

/pdf/caracterizacao-farmacobotanica-das-especies-de-sambucus-4utkr10ado.pdf

Caracterização farmacobotânica das espécies de Sambucus (Caprifoliaceae) utilizadas como medicinais no Brasil. Parte I. Sambucus nigra L.

Despite technological advancements of pharmacological medicines, herbal medicines remain the mainstay of medicine for most underdeveloped and developing nations, while growing in popularity in most developed nations Increased recognition of the value of traditional herbal healing systems is partly due to real and perceived limitations in conventional care and partly due to traditional systems offering a completely different approach to healing than that offered by conventional practitioners Historically, classical botanical pharmacognosy represented the interface between the art and science of herbal medicine Subsequently, pharmacopoeias reflected pharmacognostic investigation of plant-based medicines, setting standards to ensure identity, quality, purity, and ultimately, efficacy In developed countries, there is a trend to develop traditional herbal medicines in the same manner as modern chemically characterized drugs, following conventional models that may not accurately recognize their true value With the backdrop of the growing worldwide demand for botanical-based medicines, this article will discuss the primary historical perspectives of traditional herbal medicines, their transformation into the isolated chemical medicines prevalent today, limitations of current medical systems, and the evolution of pharmacopoeial standards for herbal medicines

Traditional Herbal Medicine, Pharmacognosy, and Pharmacopoeial Standards: A Discussion at the Crossroads

Materia Medica, Toxicology and Pharmacognosy

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Materia Medica, Toxicology and Pharmacognosy