Combination of Advanced Oxidation Processes and biological treatments for wastewater decontamination—A review

Natural organic matter removal by coagulation during drinking water treatment: A review

Catalytic ozonation for water and wastewater treatment: Recent advances and perspective.

Evaluation of activity and inhibition effects on Anammox process by batch tests based on the nitrogen-gas production

Chemical and biological treatment technologies for leather tannery chemicals and wastewaters: a review.

Disinfection by-products precursors removal by enhanced coagulation and PAC adsorption

A comprehensive experimental evaluation of tannery wastewater was performed as a basis for the modeling of the activated-sludge process. Characterization studies involved, aside from conventional parameters, a detailed chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractionation for the identification of biodegradable and inert COD components. Respirometric analysis was carried out to assess significant rate constants associated with the stoichiometry and kinetics of activated sludge. Specific emphasis was placed on the evaluation of the hydrolysis mechanism for slowly biodegradable COD, apparently the rate-limiting step for organic carbon removal. Parallel experiments were run both on plain and chemically settled samples to investigate the effect of chemical settling on biological treatability. The fate and variation of primary process components affecting effluent quality with the sludge age were evaluated by means of model simulations using recent multicomponent modeling tools and generated experimental data.

Characterization and Modeling of Activated Sludge for Tannery Wastewater

The paper outlines results of the experimental assessment of nitrification kinetics applicable to tannery waste waters and the inhibitory effects of selected pollutants on nitrification. The average net growth rate of nitrifiers was measured as 0.32 d 1 at 20°C and 0.10 d -1 at 10°C for tannery wastewaters subjected to plain settling. This kinetic coefficient was observed to increase to 0.43 d -1 at 20°C with chemical settling. Parallel experiments with synthetic waste containing only NH 4 Cl revealed the strong inhibitory character of tannery wastewater. Chromium was observed to be partly responsible for the inhibitory effect which was mainly induced by chloride, inherently present in this type of wastewaters.

Experimental evaluation of the nitrification kinetics for tannery wastewaters

The objective of this study was to evaluate the optimal location of ozonation within biological treatment for a typical tannery wastewater by giving special attention to biodegradability-based chemical oxygen demand (COD) characterization. As treating the raw tannery effluent solely by biological treatment is not adequate to meet the discharge standards owing to the high level of biorecalcitrant COD at the outlet, the application of chemical oxidation, i.e. ozone together with biotreatment (pre-ozonation or in mid-ozonation or post-ozonation) was investigated. The tannery effluent under investigation had initially inert soluble COD (SI1) and particulate COD (XI1) fractions corresponding to 9% and 13% of the total COD (CT1), respectively, whereas each component of the biodegradable part—readily biodegradable COD (SS1), rapidly hydrolysable COD (SH1), and slowly hydrolysable COD (XS1)—accounted for around 26% of the total COD (CT1). Pre-ozonation, undesirably competing with biotreatment for the removal of degradable organics, was shown to be insufficient both in terms of total COD (CT1) and inert COD (CI1) removal efficiencies. The scheme of biological treatment + ozonation + biological treatment could be applied successfully when 42.8 mg O3 min−1 was introduced for 5 min with a utilized ozone percentage of 76% at a point in biological treatment where the readily biodegradable COD (SS1) was depleted through biochemical reactions. Such an alternative yielded satisfactory outcomes when both total COD (CT) and inert COD (CI) removal efficiencies per utilized ozone ratios were considered. With post-ozonation, on the other hand, the highest inert COD (CI) removal efficiencies together with an effluent quality meeting the discharge standards could be obtained. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry

An investigation on the optimal location of ozonation within biological treatment for a tannery wastewater

The study explores the impact of ozonation on the fate of different soluble COD fractions in the tannery wastewater at different phases during the course of biological treatment, in order to identify the phase where ozonation is likely to generate the maximum beneficial effect on biological treatability. Samples from the biological treatment influent and from the mixed liquor at periods significant for the fate of COD fractions have been ozonated. Ozone treatment at the phase where the readily biodegradable COD component was biologically depleted is determined as the most promising alternative among others, since the highest COD removal efficiencies are achieved even with low feeding time of 5 min at the selected ozone flow-rate of 42.8 mg/min. The merit of ozonation at this stage in the formation of simpler more biodegradable compounds deserves further attention.

Ozonation of Nonbiodegradable Organics in Tannery Wastewater

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