A peripheral card having a Personal Computer (“PC”) card form factor and removably coupled externally to a host system is further partitioned into a mother card portion and a daughter card portion. The daughter card is removably coupled to the mother card. In the preferred embodiment, a low cost flash “floppy” is accomplished with the daughter card containing only flash EEPROM chips and being controlled by a memory controller residing on the mother card. Other aspects of the invention includes a comprehensive controller on the mother card able to control a predefined set of peripherals on daughter cards connectable to the mother card; relocation of some host resident hardware to the mother card to allow for a minimal host system; a mother card that can accommodate multiple daughter cards; daughter cards that also operates directly with hosts having embedded controllers; daughter cards carrying encoded data and information for decoding it; and daughter cards with security features.

Removable Mother/Daughter Peripheral Card

A very small computer memory card is densely packed with a large number of flash EEPROM integrated circuit chips. A computer memory system provides for the ability to removably connect one or more of such cards with a common controller circuit that interfaces between the memory cards and a standard computer system bus. Alternately, each card can be provided with the necessary controller circuitry and thus is connectable directly to the computer system bus. An electronic system is described for a memory system and its controller within a single memory card. In a preferred physical arrangement, the cards utilize a main circuit board with a plurality of sub-boards attached thereto on both sides, each sub-board carrying several integrated circuit chips.

Computer memory cards using flash EEPROM integrated circuit chips and memory-controller systems

A system, apparatus and method for an efficiently performing address lookups and switching for computer networks is disclosed. The present disclosure provides for address translation between network devices utilizing different protocols. The system, apparatus and method described herein provide for address translation for encapsulated communications to enable mixed protocol communications using a network switch fabric system.

System, apparatus and method for address forwarding for a computer network

The capacity of programmable controllers with a processor module and I/O modules connected in a single equipment rack is expanded by connecting an I/O expansion module in one of the positions normally occupied by a conventional I/O module. The I/O expansion module communicates with the processor module through the rack backplane and also communicates with other racks of I/O modules and with node I/O modules through a serial data channel. Data for I/O modules on the serial data channel are stored in a bulk storage area in the processor module to expand the effective size of an image table of I/O status data that is maintained by the processor module. The processor module is programmed to operate with a backplane controller in the I/O expansion module to transfer data in or out of the bulk storage area. Besides the backplane controller, the I/O expansion module includes a serial channel controller, a common memory and arbitration circuity which allows the controllers to alternate access to the common memory and to exchange data. The serial channel controller controls multiplexing and demultiplexing of I/O status data with the I/O modules through the serial data channel.

Programmable controller with I/O expansion module located in one of I/O module positions for communication with outside I/O modules

Described herein are several embodiments relating to modular irrigation controllers. In many implementations, the irrigation controllers are modular in that various functional components of the irrigation controller are implemented in removable modules that when inserted into position within the controller, expand the capabilities of the controller. Also described are various different types of expansion modules that may be coupled to the modular controller, having as variety of functions and features, as well as related methods of use and configuration of these modules in the controller. In one implementation, an expansion module is provided that includes a microcontroller capable of sending and receiving data communications to and from a main microcontroller of the controller that executed irrigation programs, the data communications relating to an irrigation program.

Modular and Expandable Irrigation Controller

A programmable controller is formed by connecting separate functional modules to a common backplane bus A bus arbitration scheme and a message handling technique are disclosed to tightly couple the functional modules together to form an efficient programmable controller A number of improvements to the CPU module and I/O scanner module are disclosed to further improve the performance of the resulting system

Modular programmable controller

An eight-bit microprocessor sequentially reads controller type instructions from a memory and applies the operation codes of selected ones of the instructions to a hardwired Boolean processor. The microprocessor also couples status words between an I/O image table stored in the memory and the I/O interface racks which connect the programmable controller to the machine being controlled. In general, those controller type instructions which are word oriented are executed by the microprocessor and those which are single-bit oriented are executed by the Boolean processor. The Boolean processor is operable in combination with the microprocessor to examine selected status bits in the I/O image table and to set selected status bits therein to a logic state which is determined in part by the state of the examined status bits.

Digital control system with Boolean processor

PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLER WITH INTEGRAL MICROPROCESSOR Abstract of the Disclosure An eight-bit microprocessor sequentially reads controller type instructions from a memory and applies the operation codes of selected ones of the instruc-tions to a hardwired Boolean processor. The micro-processor also couples status words between an I/O image table stored in the memory and the I/O interface racks which connect the programmable controller to the machine being controlled. In general, those controller type instructions which are word oriented are executed by the microprocessor and those which are single-bit oriented are executed by the Boolean processor. The Boolean processor is operable in combination with the microprocessor to examine selected status bits in the I/O image table and to set selected status bits therein to a logic state which is deter-mined in part by the state of the examined status bits.

Programmable controller with integral microprocessor

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Modular programmable controller

Digital control system with Boolean processor

Programmable controller with integral microprocessor