Problem: Global warming has emerged as one of the new century's top planning challenges. But it is far from clear how state and local governments in the United States can best address climate change through planning. Purpose: As of 2008, 29 states had prepared some sort of climate change plan, and more than 170 local governments had joined the Cities for Climate Protection (CCP) campaign that requires that a plan be developed. This article analyzes this first generation of climate change plans and seeks to assess the goals being set, the measures included or left out, issues surrounding implementation, and the basic strengths and weaknesses of state and local climate change planning to date. Methods: I conducted this research by analyzing planning documents as well as interviewing state and local officials by telephone. I analyzed the plans of three types of governments: all states with planning documents on climate change; cities with populations of over 500,000 that are members of the CCP campaign; and ...

/pdf/state-and-municipal-climate-change-plans-the-first-4qp7hfnmps.pdf

State and Municipal Climate Change Plans: The First Generation

Rapid expansion of natural gas drilling in Sublette County, WY (1999–present), has raised concerns about the potential ecological effects of enhanced atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition to the Wind River Range (WRR) including the Class I Bridger Wilderness. We sampled annual throughfall (TF) N deposition and lichen thalli N concentrations under forest canopies in four different drainages of the WRR. Measurements of TF N deposition and N concentrations in lichen thalli were highest at plots closest to drilling operations (<30 km). N concentrations in lichens decreased exponentially with distance from drilling activity. Highest TF N deposition, 4.1 kg ha−1 year−1, coincided with clear evidence of damage to lichen thalli. This deposition value is above estimated preindustrial deposition conditions (0.9 kg N ha−1 year−1) and regional critical loads (a deposition value below which ecosystem harm is prevented) of N deposition for sensitive ecosystem components. N concentrations in Usnea lapponica were strongly correlated (r = 0.96) with TF N deposition, demonstrating that elemental analysis of lichen material can be used to estimate TF N deposition. N concentrations below 1.35 % in U. lapponica and 1.12 % in Letharia vulpina were associated with estimated background conditions of 0.9 kg N ha−1 year−1. Additional lichen sampling in the Bridger Wilderness is recommended to further quantify and monitor spatial patterns of N deposition and to define areas of elevated N deposition.

https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_other/rmrs_2013_mcmurray_j001.pdf

Using Epiphytic Lichens to Monitor Nitrogen Deposition Near Natural Gas Drilling Operations in the Wind River Range, WY, USA

http://www.global-systems-science.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Klinsky_2013.pdf

Bottom-up policy lessons emerging from the Western Climate Initiative's development challenges

North and South Carolina have experienced considerable land-use change, urban sprawl and environmental management challenges within the past 30 years that have amplified and interacted with growing impacts from climate variability and change. However, with strong conservative majorities in the legislatures of both states, political tension around the issue of climate change has intensified, increasing the need for sensitive and deliberate climate change response strategies that mainstream action into salient areas of public concern. With data from online questionnaires and interviews with over 100 leaders within the Carolinas, this research explores a number of context-specific socio-ecological factors that influence climate change response activities and the mainstreaming process. Additionally, this study highlights how a key component of mainstreaming climate response action in the Carolinas involves the careful use of public communication frames. As such, mainstreamed climate change response wi...

Negotiating a Mainstreaming Spectrum: Climate Change Response and Communication in the Carolinas

DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as the result of work sponsored by the California Energy Commission. It does not necessarily represent the views of the Energy Commission, its employees or the State of California. The Energy Commission, the State of California, its employees, contractors and subcontractors make no warrant, express or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information in this report; nor does any party represent that the uses of this information will not infringe upon privately owned rights. This report has not been approved or disapproved by the California Energy Commission nor has the California Energy Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information in this report. Acknowledgments We thank Kathryn Thomas of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Southwest Biological Science Center for access to the Gap Analysis Program (GAP) Analysis dataset for Arizona. Scott Sweet provided preliminary thinking and analysis on subject of the fire baseline. helpful comments on a draft of the report. Several faculty and extension specialists of Oregon State University (OSU) and the University of Arizona College of Agriculture provided valuable information to derive the estimates of agricultural and horticultural biomass used in this report. For information on hazelnuts, we wish to thank Dr. ii iii Preface The Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program supports public interest energy research and development that will help improve the quality of life in California by bringing environmentally safe, affordable, and reliable energy services and products to the marketplace. The PIER Program, managed by the California Energy Commission (Energy Commission), conducts public interest research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) projects to benefit California's electricity and natural gas ratepayers. The PIER Program strives to conduct the most promising public interest energy research by partnering with RD&D entities, including individuals, businesses, utilities, and public or private research institutions. PIER funding efforts are focused on the following RD&D program areas: by efforts at other research institutions. Priority research areas defined in PIER's five‐year Climate Change Research Plan are: monitoring, analysis, and modeling of climate; analysis of options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; assessment of physical impacts and of adaptation strategies; and analysis of the economic consequences of both climate change impacts and the efforts designed to reduce emissions. The California Climate Change Center Report Series details ongoing Center‐sponsored research. As interim project results, the information contained in these reports may change; authors should be contacted for the most …

Baseline greenhouse gas emissions and removals for forest and agricultural lands in arizona

Executive Summary The Center for Climate Strategies (CCS) prepared this report for the Alaska Department of Environment Conservation (ADEC) under an agreement with the Western Governors' Association. The report contains an inventory and forecast of the State's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from 1990 to 2020. Alaska's anthropogenic GHG emissions and sinks (carbon storage) were estimated for the period from 1990 to 2020. Historical GHG emission estimates (1990 through 2005) were developed using a set of generally-accepted principles and guidelines for state GHG emission estimates, with adjustments by CCS to provide Alaska-specific data and inputs when it was possible to do so. The initial reference case emission projections (2006-2020) are based on a compilation of various existing projections of electricity generation, fuel use, and other GHG-emitting activities, along with a set of transparent assumptions. Table ES-1 provides a summary of historical (1990, 2000 and 2005) and reference case projection (2010 and 2020) GHG emissions for Alaska. Activities in Alaska accounted for approximately 52.1 million metric tons (MMt) of gross 1 carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 e) emissions in 2005, an amount equal to about 0.7% of total U.S. gross GHG emissions. Alaska's gross GHG emissions grew at about the same rate as those of the nation as a whole (gross emissions exclude carbon sinks, such as forests). Alaska's gross GHG emissions increased 13% from 1990 to 2000, while national emissions rose by 14% during this period. Figure ES-1 illustrates the State's emissions per capita and per unit of economic output. On a per capita basis, Alaskans emit about 79 metric tons (Mt) of CO 2 e in 2005, higher than the national average of 24 MtCO 2 e/yr. The higher per capita emission rates in Alaska are driven by emissions from the fossil fuel industry and transportation sectors, which are much higher than the national average. As in the nation as a whole, per capita emissions in Alaska have changed relatively little, while economic growth exceeded emissions growth throughout the 1990-2005 period (leading to declining estimates of GHG emissions per unit of state product). From 1990 to 2005, emissions per unit of gross product dropped by 40% nationally, and by 23% in Alaska. The principal source of Alaska's GHG emissions is residential, commercial, and industrial (RCI) fuel use, accounting for 49% of total State gross GHG emissions in 2005. Nearly 85% of the RCI fuel use sector emissions are contributed by …

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Draft Arizona Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Reference Case Projections 1990-2020

Final Draft South Carolina Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Reference Case Projections, 1990-2020

Draft New Mexico Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Reference Case Projections