Inspired by the natural phenomenon of hyperacuity, redundant sampling in combination with the knowledge about the impulse response of the imaging system is used to extract highly accurate information using a low resolving artificial apposition compound eye. Thus the implementation of a precise position detection for simple objects like point sources and edges is described.

/pdf/artificial-compound-eye-applying-hyperacuity-4dwkjtufqo.pdf

Artificial compound eye applying hyperacuity.

A fiber optic sensor inspired by the compound eye of the common housefly, Musca domestica, has been developed. The sensor coupled with analog preprocessing hardware has the potential to extract edge information quickly and in parallel. The design is motivated by the parallel nature of the fly's vision system and its demonstrated hyperacuity or precision of visual localization beyond the conventional resolution limit. The fly's anatomy supporting the design is reviewed, followed by the design of a one-dimensional, cartridge-based sensor. The sensor's ability to locate a line stimulus in a two-dimensional space is demonstrated. Discussion is provided to extend this work in scale, cartridge dimension, information and array processing.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-3182/3/2/026003/pdf

Musca domestica inspired machine vision sensor with hyperacuity.

We compare a traditional CCD imaging sensor with a biomimetic vision sensor (based on Musca domestica, the common house fly) with regard to detecting small moving objects at various speeds and levels of contrast. The patent-pending biomimetic vision sensor described is shown to be capable of reliable object detection in spite of challenging movement and low contrast conditions in which a typical commercial CCD camera sensor failed to properly detect the object.

Motion Detection: A Biomimetic Vision Sensor Versus a CCD Camera Sensor

Previous research efforts in mimicking the compound eye of Musca domestica, the common house fly, in hardware have primarily been focused on optical designs to achieve the fast, analog, parallel processing, and motion hyperacuity properties of the biological system. While these optical platforms have shown promising results, nearly all proposed advantages of utilizing a fly-inspired sensor have been discovered through the use of software simulation with very little or no effort being made to validate these simulations using the actual fly-inspired optics. The work presented in this paper advances the frontier of compound vision research by mimicking the core processing systems of the fly's intermediate neural layer structure (the lamina) in hardware. The hardware designs were kept as biomimetic as possible, and the unique motion hyperacuity characteristic of Musca's visual system was preserved in each circuit design. It will be shown that an effective light adaptation system can be designed that is both analog and parallel by directly mimicking the fly's visual system. The proof-of-concept designs presented in this paper are an important first step in turning the novel compound optical designs of the past decade into useful sensors that can function in dynamic real-world environments.

Biomimetic Signal Conditioning and Light Adaptation for Compound Vision Sensors

This chapter is focused on vision sensors based on both mammalian and insect vision systems. Typically, the former uses a single large-aperture lens system and a large, high-resolution focal plane array; the latter uses many small-aperture lenses, each coupled to a small group of photodetectors. The strengths and weaknesses of each type of design are discussed, along with some guidelines for designing such sensors. A brief review of basic optical engineering, including simple diffraction theory and mathematical tools such as Fourier optics, is followed by a demonstration of how to match an optical system to some collection of photodetectors. Modeling and simulations performed with tools such as Zemax and MATLAB® are described for better understanding of both optical and neural aspects of biological vision systems and how they may be adapted to an artificial vision sensor. A biomimetic vision system based on the common housefly, Musca domestica , is discussed.

Biomimetic Vision Sensors

Musca domestica, the common house fly, has a simple yet powerful and accessible vision system. Cajal indicated in 1885 the fly's vision system is the same as in the human retina. The house fly has some intriguing vision system features such as fast, analog, parallel operation. Furthermore, it has the ability to detect movement and objects at far better resolution than predicted by photoreceptor spacing, termed hyperacuity. We are investigating the mechanisms behind these features and incorporating them into next generation vision systems. We have developed a prototype sensor that employs a fly inspired arrangement of photodetectors sharing a common lens. The Gaussian shaped acceptance profile of each sensor coupled with overlapped sensor field of views provide the necessary configuration for obtaining hyperacuity data. The sensor is able to detect object movement with far greater resolution than that predicted by photoreceptor spacing. We have exhaustively tested and characterized the sensor to determine its practical resolution limit. Our tests coupled with theory from Bucklew and Saleh (1985) indicate that the limit to the hyperacuity response may only be related to target contrast. We have also implemented an array of these prototype sensors which will allow for two - dimensional position location. These high resolution, low contrast capable sensors are being developed for use as a vision system for an autonomous robot and the next generation of smart wheel chairs. However, they are easily adapted for biological endoscopy, downhole monitoring in oil wells, and other applications.

Musca domestica inspired machine vision system with hyperacuity

This paper examines the visual stimuli, recording methods, and cell identification techniques used to gather visual information from the household fly, Musca domestica. Visual information from the pre-processing layers of the household fly are explored in order to advance a biomimetic sensor that requires analog pre-processing prior to computational algorithms that mimic the higher level visual processing that occurs in the deeper optic lobes of the fly. The fly is stimulated with a series of primitives created by a green laser stimulus. The primitives are a line, bar, and a spot. The recorded neuron is then identified through cell staining techniques and microscope visualization. With the availability of numerous anatomical drawings on the structure of the fly's optic lobes, it will be easy to identify the stained neuron. With this information models will be constructed to determine the processing performed by the lamina monopolar neurons and their relationship to one another.

Musca domestica lamina monopolar cell response to visual stimuli and their contribution to early motion detection.

Musca domestica, the common house fly, has a simple yet powerful and accessible vision system. Cajal indicated in 1885 the fly's vision system is the same as in the human retina. The house fly has some intriguing vision system features such as fast, analog, parallel operation. Furthermore, it has the ability to detect movement and objects at far better resolution than predicted by photoreceptor spacing - termed hyperacuity. We are investigating the mechanisms behind these features and incorporating them into next generation vision systems. We have developed a prototype sensor that employs a fly inspired arrangement of photodetectors sharing a common lens. The Gaussian shaped acceptance profile of each sensor coupled with overlapped sensor field of views provide the necessary configuration for obtaining hyperacuity data. The sensor is able to detect object movement with far greater resolution than that predicted by photoreceptor spacing. We have exhaustively tested and characterized the sensor to determine its practical resolution limit. Our tests coupled with theory from Bucklew and Saleh (1985) indicate that the limit to the hyperacuity response may only be related to target contrast. We have also implemented an array of these prototype sensors which will allow for two-dimensional position location. These high resolution, low contrast capable sensors are being developed for use as a vision system for an autonomous robot and the next generation of smart wheel chairs. However, they are easily adapted for biological endoscopy, downhole monitoring in oil wells, and other applications.

Musca domestica inspired machine vision with hyperacuity

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Musca domestica inspired machine vision system with hyperacuity

Musca domestica lamina monopolar cell response to visual stimuli and their contribution to early motion detection.

Musca domestica inspired machine vision with hyperacuity