2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.

ACC/AHA
: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association
ACCF/AHA
: American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association
ACE
: angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACEI
: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
ACS
: acute coronary syndrome
AF
: atrial fibrillation

/pdf/2016-esc-guidelines-for-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-acute-z18hg30pp1.pdf

2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure

/pdf/2016-esc-guidelines-for-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-acute-53v7yllhiz.pdf

2016 ESC GUIDELINES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC HEART FAILURE. The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.

/pdf/rekomendatsii-esc-po-diagnostike-i-lecheniiu-ostroi-i-a7u3xuku0r.pdf

2016 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure.

Background: Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is an indicator of average blood glucose concentrations over the preceding 3 months, is simpler to perform than either a fasting glucose or glucose tolerance test and is associated with a worse prognosis in some clinical settings. However its relationship to survival in patients with suspected heart failure has not been studied. Methods: Patients referred to a community-based heart failure clinic with suspected heart failure had a comprehensive assessment including the measurement of HbA1c. For this analysis, patients with DM or initiation of diabetic medication in the subsequent 12-months, which might influence HbA1c, were excluded. Findings: Of 970 non-diabetic patients referred between 2001-2004, the median age was 72 years (range 25-96 years), 56% were men, 45% had left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤45% and 50% had an HbA1c >6% (upper reference limit). Amongst patients with LVEF ≤45% there was an abrupt increase in mortality in those with an HbA1c >6.7% (n=68) compared to those with HbA1c ≤6.7% (n=368) (hazard ratio (HR): 2.4, p 45% (HR 1.44, p=0.36 after adjustment). Interpretation: The abrupt increase in mortality with HbA1c may make it a useful risk stratification tool in non-diabetic patients with LVEF ≤45% which could help improve clinical management.

https://heart.bmj.com/content/heartjnl/early/2009/03/03/hrt.2008.156646.full.pdf

Elevated Glycated Haemoglobin is a Strong Predictor of Mortality in Patients with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction who are not receiving treatment for Diabetes Mellitus

Context: Animal studies suggest that cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB-1) blockade reduces inflammation and neovascularization by decreasing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels associated with a reduction in inflammatory markers, thereby potentially reducing cardiovascular risk. Objective: To determine the impact of CB1 antagonism by rimonabant on VEGF and inflammatory markers in obese PCOS women. Design: Randomised, open-labelled parallel study. Setting: Endocrinology outpatient clinic in a referral centre. Subjects: Twenty patients with PCOS and biochemical hyperandrogenaemia with a body mass index of ≥ 30kg/m2 were recruited. Patients were randomised to 1.5g daily of metformin or 20mg daily of rimonabant. Main Outcome Measures: Post hoc review to detect VEGF and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL6, IL-8, IL-10 and MCP-1 before and after 12 weeks treatment. Results: After 12 weeks of rimonabant there was a significant increase in VEGF (99.2±17.6 vs 116.2±15.8pg/ml, p<0.01) and IL-8 (7.4±11.0 vs 18.1±13.2pg/ml, p<0.05) but not after metformin (VEGF p=0.7; IL-8 p=0.9). There was no significant difference in the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL6, IL-8, IL-10 and MCP-1 following

Endocannabinoid receptor blockade increases vascular endothelial growth factor and inflammatory markers in obese women with PCOS

The effect of soy protein with and without isoflavones in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and subclinical hypogonadism: a randomised double-blind parallel study

A prospective cohort study investigating Endocrine Disrupting Agents and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome within an IVF setting

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Elevated Glycated Haemoglobin is a Strong Predictor of Mortality in Patients with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction who are not receiving treatment for Diabetes Mellitus

Endocannabinoid receptor blockade increases vascular endothelial growth factor and inflammatory markers in obese women with PCOS

The effect of soy protein with and without isoflavones in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and subclinical hypogonadism: a randomised double-blind parallel study

A prospective cohort study investigating Endocrine Disrupting Agents and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome within an IVF setting