An apparatus and method for encoding and decoding additional information into a stream of digitized samples in an integral manner. The information is encoded using special keys. The information is contained in the samples, not prepended or appended to the sample stream. The method makes it extremely difficult to find the information in the samples if the proper keys are not possessed by the decoder. The method does not cause a significant degradation to the sample stream. The method is used to establish ownership of copyrighted digital multimedia content and provide a disincentive to piracy of such material.

Steganographic method and device

Disclosed herein are methods and systems for encoding digital watermarks into content signals. Also disclosed are systems and methods for detecting and/or verifying digital watermarks in content signals. According to one embodiment, a system for encoding of digital watermark information includes: a window identifier for identifying a sample window in the signal; an interval calculator for determining a quantization interval of the sample window; and a sampler for normalizing the sample window to provide normalized samples. According to another embodiment, a system for pre-analyzing a digital signal for encoding at least one digital watermark using a digital filter is disclosed. According to another embodiment, a method for pre-analyzing a digital signal for encoding digital watermarks comprises: (1) providing a digital signal; (2) providing a digital filter to be applied to the digital signal; and (3) identifying an area of the digital signal that will be affected by the digital filter based on at least one measurable difference between the digital signal and a counterpart of the digital signal selected from the group consisting of the digital signal as transmitted, the digital signal as stored in a medium, and the digital signal as played backed. According to another embodiment, a method for encoding a watermark in a content signal includes the steps of (1) splitting a watermark bit stream; and (2) encoding at least half of the watermark bit stream in the content signal using inverted instances of the watermark bit stream. Other methods and systems for encoding/decoding digital watermarks are also disclosed.

Optimization methods for the insertion, protection, and detection of digital watermarks in digitized data

An intervertebral joint prosthesis having a ball component (22) for engagement with a first vertebra (26) and a trough component (24) for engagement with a second vertebra (27) adjacent to the first vertebra is disclosed. The trough component (24) includes a generally concave surface (50) having a substantially flat portion (52). When the ball component (22) and the trough component (24) are engaged to their respective vertebrae, the ball component (72) and the trough component (24) engage each other, permitting rotation and translation of the vertebrae with respect to each other. Both components include a flange (34,56) for engaging a vertebra. The invention also contemplates a method for and a tool for use in implanting a two-piece intervertebral joint prosthesis.

Artificial intervertebral joint permitting translational and rotational motion

An improved system and method for providing multimedia data in a networked system is disclosed. The present invention provides a platform for distributed client-server computing and access to data over asymmetric real-time networks. A service mechanism allows applications to be split such that client devices (set-top boxes, personal digital assistants, etc.) can focus on presentation, while backend services running in a distributed server complex, provide access to data via messaging across an abstracted interface.

Method and apparatus for scalable, high bandwidth storage retrieval and transportation of multimedia data on a network

The present invention is directed to a high speed packet switching network and, in particular to a method and system for minimizing the time to establish a connection between an origin and a destination node. Due to high dynamicity of the traffic on transmission links, it is important to select a routing path according to a fully up-to-date information on all network resources. The simpler approach is to calculate a new path for each new connection request. This solution may be very time consuming because there are as many path selection operations as connection set up operations. On another hand, the calculation of paths based on an exhaustive exploration of the network topology, is a complex operation which may also take an inordinate amount of resources in large networks. Many of connections originated from a network node flow to the same destination network node. It is therefore possible to take a serious benefit in reusing the same already calculated paths for several connections towards the same node. The path calculated at the time the connection is requested is recorded in a Routing Database and updated each time a modification occurs in the network. Furthermore, alternate paths for supporting non-disruptive path switch on failure or preemption, and new paths towards potential destination nodes can be calculated and stored when the connection set up process is idle. These last operations are executed in background with a low processing priority and in absence of connection request.

Method and system for minimizing the connection set up time in high speed packet switching networks

A single firewall or cluster of firewalls with a public IP address is interfaced to an internet public subnet to receive service requests for a cluster of network servers. A first private subnet with a plurality of private IP addresses is interfaced to the single firewall or cluster of firewalls to receive the service requests after passing through a firewall. A plurality of redundant load balancers with a respective plurality of private IP addresses are interfaced to the first private subnet to receive the service requests after passing through the first private subnet. The load balancers are interfaced to a second private subnet. The network servers with respective private IP addresses are interfaced to the second private subnet to receive the service requests from the load balancers. At an initialization time, a private IP address is defined for the network load balancer system within the internet access subnet. When one of the load balancers becomes primary at the initialization time or switches from a standby state to an active state, the network load balancer system private IP address is defined as an alias in an interface table to be recognized by the one load balancer. When the one network load balancer switches from the active state to a standby state, the network load balancer system private IP address previously defined as the alias is released from the interface table.

Technique for addressing a cluster of network servers

A cluster system and method accesses from an internet network, a network server within one or a plurality of clusters, each cluster being identified by a single cluster public Internet Protocol (IP) address. The cluster system has a plurality of network servers organized in one of a plurality of clusters and a network load balancer system for selecting a destination network server in a cluster. Each cluster has one or a plurality of identical network servers, the network load balancer system being connected on one hand to an access routing device and on another hand to the plurality of network servers through a private network server subnet. The method includes the steps of at initialization time, on each network server defining, as a non-advertising alias, in an interface table, the public IP address of each cluster to which the network server belongs, and upon reception, by the network load balancing system, of a datagram having an IP header including a destination IP address field and a medium access control (MAC) header including a destination MAC address field, selecting a destination network server within the cluster corresponding to the cluster public IP address identified in the destination IP address field of the datagram IP header, replacing the destination medium access control (MAC) address field of the datagram MAC header by the MAC address of the selected destination network server, and sending the datagram through the private network server subnet, using the MAC address of the selected destination network server. Upon reception, by the destination network server, of the datagram sent by the network load balancing system, the MAC address in the destination MAC address field of the datagram MAC header is identified as being the MAC address of the selected destination network server, and the IP datagram is processed if the identified cluster public IP address in the destination IP address field of the datagram IP header, is defined as a non-advertising alias in the interface table of the destination network server.

System and method for accessing clusters of servers from the internet network

To solve the problem raised by the allocation of synchronous bandwidth on a FDDI segment when this allocation is done by a centralized Allocator in an interconnected LAN domain, a Third Party Requestor receives from Quality of Service Allocator all information that it needs to ask for bandwidth reservation on the FDDI segment. Following the Station Management standard , the Third Party Requestor is able to act on behalf of the FDDI station that will submit synchronous traffic and ask for bandwidth allocation to a Synchronous Bandwidth Allocator. According to the Synchronous Bandwidth Allocator decision, the Third Party Requestor will then answer to the Quality of Service Allocator which will grant or deny the allocation over the whole path.

System for network wide bandwidth allocation

A method, system and service for a data center computer network. A core network switches data using a first protocol layer. A first access switch is in electrical communication with the core network. The first access switch communicates the data to the core network using the first protocol layer. A second redundant access switch forms a first access switch pair with the first access switch. The second access switch is in electrical communication with the core network and communicates the data using the first protocol layer. The second access switch is in electrical communication with first access switch and communicates with the first access switch using a second protocol layer. The second protocol layer is at lower OSI level than the first protocol layer. The first access switch and the second access switch are configured to form a first VLAN. A first edge device is in electrical communication with the first access switch and the second access switch. The first edge device is part of the first VLAN.

Data center virtual local area network system and method

To address Quality of Service (QoS) requirements in a domain of Local Area Networks(LANs) interconnected by at least one FDDI segment, network-wide bandwidth allocation is improved by a high availability Third Party Requestor (3PR) agent. The 3PR receives from the QoS Allocator all information that it needs to ask for bandwidth reservation on the FDDI segment. Following a Station Management standard, the 3PR is able to act on behalf of an FDDI station that will submit synchronous traffic and ask for bandwidth allocation to a Synchronous Bandwidth Allocator (SBA). According to the SBA decision, the 3PR will then answer to the network-centralized QoS Allocator which will grant or deny the allocation over the whole path within the LAN domain. If for some reason, the acting SBA function moves to another station, the 3PR at the new station will become active.

System for effective allocation of network-wide bandwidth

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