Alloy is a little language for describing structural properties. It offers a declaration syntax compatible with graphical object models, and a set-based formula syntax powerful enough to express complex constraints and yet amenable to a fully automatic semantic analysis. Its meaning is given by translation to an even smaller (formally defined) kernel. This paper presents the language in its entirety, and explains its motivation, contributions and deficiencies.

/pdf/alloy-a-lightweight-object-modelling-notation-54kdb5rsur.pdf

Alloy: a lightweight object modelling notation

Early Visions Early Research Projects Related Technologies Domain-Specific Coordination Support Support for Meetings Technology Recent Theoretical Approaches Empirical Studies

Computer-supported cooperative work: a book of readings

A Collaborative Virtual Environment or CVE is a distributed, virtual reality that is designed to support collaborative activities. As such, CVEs provide a potentially infinite, graphically realised digital landscape within which multiple users can interact with each other and with simple or complex data representations. CVEs are increasingly being used to support collaborative work between geographically separated and between collocated collaborators. CVEs vary in the sophistication of the data and embodiment representations employed and in the level of interactivity supported. It is clear that systems which are intended to support collaborative activities should be designed with explicit consideration of the tasks to be achieved and the intended users' social and cognitive characteristics. In this paper, we detail a number of existing systems and applications, but first discuss the nature of collaborative and cooperative work activities and consider the place of virtual reality systems in supporting such collaborative work. Following this, we discuss some future research directions.

Collaborative virtual environments: An introductory review of issues and systems

In many common data analysis scenarios the data elements are logically grouped into sets. Venn and Euler style diagrams are a common visual representation of such set membership where the data elements are represented by labels or glyphs and sets are indicated by boundaries surrounding their members. Generating such diagrams automatically such that set regions do not intersect unless the corresponding sets have a non-empty intersection is a difficult problem. Further, it may be impossible in some cases if regions are required to be continuous and convex. Several approaches exist to draw such set regions using more complex shapes, however, the resulting diagrams can be difficult to interpret. In this paper we present two novel approaches for simplifying a complex collection of intersecting sets into a strict hierarchy that can be more easily automatically arranged and drawn (Figure 1). In the first approach, we use compact rectangular shapes for drawing each set, attempting to improve the readability of the set intersections. In the second approach, we avoid drawing intersecting set regions by duplicating elements belonging to multiple sets. We compared both of our techniques to the traditional non-convex region technique using five readability tasks. Our results show that the compact rectangular shapes technique was often preferred by experimental subjects even though the use of duplications dramatically improves the accuracy and performance time for most of our tasks. In addition to general set representation our techniques are also applicable to visualization of networks with intersecting clusters of nodes.

/pdf/untangling-euler-diagrams-4d0yf7jg5w.pdf

Untangling Euler Diagrams

This article describes an algorithm for the automated generation of any Euler diagram starting with an abstract description of the diagram An automated generation mechanism for Euler diagrams forms the foundations of a generation algorithm for notations such as Harel's higraphs, constraint diagrams and some of the UML notation An algorithm to generate diagrams is an essential component of a diagram tool for users to generate, edit and reason with diagramsThe work makes use of properties of the dual graph of an abstract diagram to identify which abstract diagrams are "drawable" within given wellformedness rules on concrete diagrams A Java program has been written to implement the algorithm and sample output is included

Generating Euler Diagrams

Diagrams and the concept of logical system

A formal system is studied having both sentences and diagrams as well-formed representations. Proofs in the system allow inference back and forth between sentences and diagrams, as well as between diagrams and diagrams, and between sentences and sentences. This sort of heterogeneous system is of interest because external representations other than linguistic ones occur commonly in actual reasoning in conjunction with language. Syntax, semantics, and rules of inference for the system are given and it is shown to be sound and complete.

/pdf/reasoning-with-sentences-and-diagrams-1fqqp6kbon.pdf

Reasoning with Sentences and Diagrams

Towards a model theory of Venn diagrams

A cache manager monitors storage capacity levels of a cache node storing data as cache entries. Upon determining a storage capacity threshold is reached, the cache manager begins evicting cache entries. In evicting the cache entries, the cache manager identifies a reduction level, and configures one or more time steps. The cache manager evicts cache entries within the one or more time steps until the reduction level is achieved.

Dynamic cache eviction

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Diagrams and the concept of logical system

Reasoning with Sentences and Diagrams

Diagrams and the concept of logical system

Towards a model theory of Venn diagrams

Dynamic cache eviction