Radiosensitization by Gold Nanoparticles: Comparison of DNA Damage Induced by Low and High-Energy Electrons

This review will discuss developments in the field of pulmonary vaccine delivery. The possibilities of adopting aerosol-generation technology and specific pharmaceutical formulations for the purpose of pulmonary immunization are described. Aerosol-generation systems might offer advantages with respect to vaccine stability and antigenicity. Adjuvants and their inclusion in vaccine-delivery systems are described. Other formulation components, such as surfactants, particulate systems and dispersion of the aerosols are detailed in this paper. The noninvasive, relatively safe and low-cost nature of pulmonary delivery may provide great benefits to the public health vaccination campaign.

Pulmonary vaccine delivery.

Chitosan is a cationic polysaccharide derived from the partial deacetylation of chitin, which exhibits particular properties: interacts with negatively charged sites on the cell surface; changes the permeability of intestinal epithelium, enhancing the uptake of peptides and proteins; and activates leukocytes. Antigens coadministered or encapsulated with the polysaccharide show im- proved mucosal and systemic humoral immune re- sponses, although the mechanism is poorly under- stood. Herein, we characterized in Peyer's patches mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen molecular events triggered after oral administration of chi- tosan in the absence of protein antigen. Sixteen hours after feeding, we studied the uptake and distribution of the polysaccharide, the phenotype of recruited antigen-presenting cells (APC), the in- duction of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor , interleukin (IL)-12, IL-4, IL-10, and transform- ing growth factor- (TGF-), and the activation of T lymphocytes. We show here that the uptake of chitosan at inductive mucosal sites involves CD11b/c APC and that chitosan feeding in- creases the percentage of OX62 dendritic cells, which up-regulate the major histocompatibility complex class II antigens without changing the ex- pression of costimulatory CD80 or CD86 mole- cules. The polysaccharide elicits the release of IL-10 as well as the expression of IL-4 and TGF- in mucosa, and in spleen, the activation of CD3 T cells occurs. Our results demonstrate that chitosan acts by enhancing the T helper cell type 2 (Th2)/ Th3 microenvironment in the mucosa. A single dose of this polysaccharide exhibits local and sys- temic effects, and its activity could be relevant in the maintenance of the intestinal homeostasis. J. Leukoc. Biol. 78: 000-000; 2005.

https://jlb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1189/jlb.0904541

Local and systemic activity of the polysaccharide chitosan at lymphoid tissues after oral administration

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection causes substantial morbidity and some deaths in the young and elderly worldwide. There is no safe and effective vaccine available, although it is possible to reduce the hospitalization rate for high-risk children by anti-RSV antibody prophylaxis. RSV has been shown to modify the immune response to infection, a feature linked in part to RSV G protein CX3C chemokine mimicry. This study determined if vaccination with G protein polypeptides or peptides spanning the central conserved region of the G protein could induce antibodies that blocked G protein CX3C-CX3CR1 interaction and disease pathogenesis mediated by RSV infection. The results show that mice vaccinated with G protein peptides or polypeptides containing the CX3C motif generate antibodies that inhibit G protein CX3C-CX3CR1 binding and chemotaxis, reduce lung virus titers, and prevent body weight loss and pulmonary inflammation. The results suggest that RSV vaccines that induce antibodies that block G protein CX3C-CX3CR1 interaction may offer a new, safe, and efficacious RSV vaccine strategy.

Vaccination To Induce Antibodies Blocking the CX3C-CX3CR1 Interaction of Respiratory Syncytial Virus G Protein Reduces Pulmonary Inflammation and Virus Replication in Mice

Approaches to enhancing immune responses stimulated by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides

Effective mucosal immunization against respiratory syncytial virus using purified F protein and a genetically detoxified cholera holotoxin, CT-E29H.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Eric D Phillips

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Effective mucosal immunization against respiratory syncytial virus using purified F protein and a genetically detoxified cholera holotoxin, CT-E29H.