The growing dependence of critical infrastructures and industrial automation on interconnected physical and cyber-based control systems has resulted in a growing and previously unforeseen cyber security threat to supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and distributed control systems (DCSs). It is critical that engineers and managers understand these issues and know how to locate the information they need. This paper provides a broad overview of cyber security and risk assessment for SCADA and DCS, introduces the main industry organizations and government groups working in this area, and gives a comprehensive review of the literature to date. Major concepts related to the risk assessment methods are introduced with references cited for more detail. Included are risk assessment methods such as HHM, IIM, and RFRM which have been applied successfully to SCADA systems with many interdependencies and have highlighted the need for quantifiable metrics. Presented in broad terms is probability risk analysis (PRA) which includes methods such as FTA, ETA, and FEMA. The paper concludes with a general discussion of two recent methods (one based on compromise graphs and one on augmented vulnerability trees) that quantitatively determine the probability of an attack, the impact of the attack, and the reduction in risk associated with a particular countermeasure.

https://informationsecurity.report/Resources/Whitepapers/20f1cd45-fc89-4387-9bb8-a9e0168cb9ab_erw.pdf

Cyber security risk assessment for SCADA and DCS networks

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems are commonly used to monitor and control critical infrastructure assets. However, over the past two decades, they have evolved from closed, proprietary systems to open networks comprising commodity platforms running common operating systems and TCP/IP stacks. The open architecture and increased connectivity provide more functionality and reduce costs, but they significantly increase the vulnerabilities and the exposure to threats. Since SCADA systems and the critical infrastructureassets they control must have 24-7 availability, it is imperative to understand and manage the risk. This paper makes the case for a European SCADA security testbed that can be used to analyze vulnerabilities threats and the impact of attacks, ultimately helping design new architectures and robust security solutions. The paper also discusses testbed requirements, deployment strategies and potential hurdles.

/pdf/creating-a-european-scada-security-testbed-n0v4prqgh1.pdf

Creating a European SCADA Security Testbed

Sociotechnical Systems: A Conceptual Introduction

Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems represent a vulnerability in vital infrastructures. For example, an electric power system is subjected to intrusions via its SCADA systems; however, the instrumentation provides detectable variations in response to such interference. Presented herein is a strategy that augments state estimation methods using a Hybrid Fuzzy System for fault monitoring and diagnosis that aims to combine information from multiple domains in order to detect, isolate, identify, and mitigate threats to the system. Furthermore, to endow the state estimation solution methods with some degree of numerical robustness, algorithm-based error detection (ABED) is applied to the Gaussian elimination procedure. Simulation results revealed that ABED provides error detection at low costs and excellent error coverage for floating point arithmetic in the presence of permanent bit and word errors while being free of false alarms and insensitive to both data range and data size.

Intrusion detection through SCADA systems using fuzzy logic-based state estimation methods

Information Communication Technology (ICT) has been providing critical support for developed economies. It supports civil infrastructure, public safety, and national security. Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are pivotal for industries that require complex systems, rigorous monitoring and controlling. The combination of ICSs and the Internet connectivity has added tremendous business and technological value to the use and management of complex systems. However, ICSs have become vulnerable to cyber-attacks, and important targets for cyberwar. This study presents findings from a survey of 31 industrial personnel. Our results reveal that securing ICSs is problematic. The availability and reliability of industrial systems has been a priority of industrial personnel, while their security is a top priority of IT personnel, therefore an ICS security dilemma. This conflict has been hindering the security process of ICSs. To mitigate this issue, companies involved in the design and manufacturing of these systems have to integrate security mechanisms from the design phases by embedding security routines that are required to be followed for the proper functioning of ICSs.

The dilemma of securing industrial control systems: UAE context

Insidious threat to control systems

Uncovering cyber flaws

Can't happen at you site?

Test your system five ways

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Eric Byres

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Insidious threat to control systems

Uncovering cyber flaws

Can't happen at you site?

Test your system five ways