Trend shocks and economic development

This paper responds to a request from the World Bank’s Executive Directors for an update in the area of economic or voluntary migration since the previous Board discussion of the topic on August 25, 2016. This paper has four objectives: to provide an update on data, drivers, and impacts in section two, to briefly discuss the changes in international governance, including the adoption of the global compact on migration in section three; to describe pertinent World Bank Group activities during FY2017-19 in section four; and to suggest future areas of activity in section five.

Leveraging Economic Migration for Development : A Briefing for the World Bank Board

https://isiarticles.com/bundles/Article/pre/pdf/24479.pdf

Economic policy, tourism trade and productive diversification

This paper reviews existing theoretical and empirical evidence on the economic effects of immigration in developing countries. Specifically, it discusses how immigration may affect labour market, entrepreneurship, human capital, productivity, economic growth, the exchange rate, trade, prices, public finance and public goods in host countries. As the majority of the relevant literature has traditionally focused on the experience of high-income countries, the review highlights the unique context of developing countries and elaborates how outcomes may be similar or differ in low and middle-income countries. A general conclusion is that the economic effects of immigration to developing countries, a numerically important phenomenon, warrants additional theoretical and empirical research.

The economic effects of labour immigration in developing countries

Africa: Its Peoples and Their Culture History

This paper aims at assessing the impact of migration on export performance and more particularly the effect of African migrants on African trade. Relying on a new data set on international bilateral migration recently released by the World Bank spanning from 1980 to 2010, the authors estimate a gravity model that deals satisfactorily with endogeneity. The results first indicate that the pro-trade effect of migration is higher for African countries, a finding that can be partly explained by the substitution between migrants and institutions (the existence of migrant networks compensating for weak contract enforcement, for instance). This positive association is particularly important for the exports of differentiated products, suggesting that migrants also play an important role in reducing information costs. Moreover, focusing on intra-African trade, the pro-trade effect of African migrants is larger when migrants are established in a more geographically and ethnically distant country. All these findings highlight the ability of African migrants to help overcome some of the main barriers to African trade: the weakness of institutions, information costs, cultural differences, and lack of trust.

/pdf/does-migration-foster-exports-evidence-from-africa-1b8gf4csth.pdf

Does migration foster exports ? evidence from Africa

This paper assesses the impact of migration on export performances of 53 African countries. In particular, it highlights and helps understand in which cases the pro-trade effect of African migrants on African trade is favored. Relying on a new dataset on international bilateral migration recently released by the World Bank spanning from 1980 to 2010, we estimate a gravity model which deals satisfactorily with heteroscedasticity and zero bilateral flows issues. Our results point at a positive effect of Diaspora for exports in Africa, which is larger for African exports than the average worldwide effect and stronger when African migrants have established within Africa. These findings seem to come partly from the substitution relationship existing between migrants and institutions both in the immigrants’ source and destination countries.

/pdf/does-migration-foster-exports-an-african-perspective-32ik6nvnkl.pdf

Does Migration Foster Exports? An African Perspective

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Does migration foster exports ? evidence from Africa

Does Migration Foster Exports? An African Perspective