Fil: Aizen, Marcelo Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina

https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1365-2664.13121

Coordinated species importation policies are needed to reduce serious invasions globally: The case of alien bumblebees in South America

Biological invasions are one of the main components of human-caused global change and their negative impact on invaded ecosystems have long been recognized. Invasive mammals, in particular, can threaten native biodiversity and cause economic impacts in the region where they are introduced, often through a wide range of conflicts with humans. Although the wild boar, Sus scrofa, is considered by the IUCN as one of the 100 invasive species most damaging to biodiversity in the world, in Argentina there have only been a few studies focused on its ecology with most of them conducted in protected areas. In this study, we evaluated the effect of several factors related with human disturbance, landscape composition, degree of fragmentation and the presence of a potential competitor and a predator on the habitat use of wild boar using data from camera traps and site-occupancy modeling. Additionally, we described the daily activity pattern of the species and we studied the level of overlap with both a potential competitor and a predator. The sampling effort totaled 7,054 camera trap days. Farm density, proportion of shrubland and proportion of grassland with bushes were the detection variables included in the most supported model whereas proportion of grassland and capture rate of the Pampas fox Lycalopex gymnocercus were the occupancy variables included in the most supported model. However, the proportion of grassland was the only variable that showed statistically significant support in the averaged model, indicating that habitat use of wild boar in this area was significantly negatively affected by the level of grass cover. Wild boars were mostly nocturnal, with more activity between 21:00 and 3:00 and a peak around midnight. Wild boars showed a high level of overlap with the activity pattern of the Pampas fox and a low overlap with the activity pattern of the puma Puma concolor. Despite wild boar being introduced in Argentina a few decades ago, this study is the first landscape-scale research carried out in an agricultural landscape in Argentina and the first one based on camera-trapping data. Our study contributes valuable information that could be used to design strategies to reduce wild boar population or to minimize the damage caused by this invasive species in Argentina.

/pdf/summer-habitat-use-and-activity-patterns-of-wild-boar-sus-1fmak8qwwy.pdf

Summer habitat use and activity patterns of wild boar Sus scrofa in rangelands of central Argentina.

Understanding trends in biological invasions by introduced mammals in southern South America: a review of research and management

/pdf/managing-socio-ecological-production-landscapes-and-3pqb87dbhx.pdf

Managing socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes for sustainable communities in Asia : mapping and navigating stakeholders, policy and action

Exotic species introductions are a global phenomenon and protected areas are susceptible to them. Understanding the drivers of exotic species richness is vital for prioritizing natural resource management, particularly in developing countries with limited resources. We analyzed the influence of coarse resolution factors on exotic species richness (plants, mammals, and birds) in Argentina's National Parks System. We collected data on native species richness, year of park formation, park area, region, elevation range, number of rivers crossing area boundaries, roads entering area, mean annual rainfall, mean annual temperature, mean annual number of visitors, and Human Influence Index within and surrounding each park. We compiled 1,688 exotic records in 36 protected areas: 83% plants and 17% animals (9.5% mammals, 5.5% birds, 1.5% fishes, 0% amphibians, 0% reptiles). The five parks with the most exotic species (all taxa combined) were in north Patagonia. Exotic grasses were the most common exotic plants, and within animals, lagomorphs and feral ungulates were remarkably widespread. Exotic plant richness was mostly influenced by temperature and native plant richness, while exotic mammal and bird richness was driven mostly by anthropogenic variables, with models explaining 36-45% of data deviance. Most variables that positively influenced exotic taxa were indirectly related to an increase in spatial heterogeneity (natural or anthropogenic), suggesting greater niche space variability as facilitators of exotic richness increase. Additional data are needed to further investigate the patterns and mechanisms of exotic species richness in protected areas, which will help to prioritize the greatest needs of monitoring and management.

Factors influencing exotic species richness in Argentina's national parks.

Ecologia Austral 24:183-192 (2014)Las especies exoticas invasoras amenazan la biodiversidad. Existen diferentes opciones para su manejo: prevencion, deteccion temprana, erradicacion, control, exclusion e incluso la “no accion”. A mayor complejidad de manejo, mas informacion se requiere para ejecutarlo exitosamente. Ademas, gestores e investigadores abordan la problematica con enfoques e intereses diferentes. Mientras los primeros priorizan acciones de manejo, los segundos encuentran una oportunidad para estudiar aspectos basicos y/o teoricos, no siempre aplicados al manejo. La gestion de estas especies ofrece una ocasion unica para que ambos grupos trabajen juntos en busca de beneficios mutuos. Actualmente, las decisiones de manejo suelen basarse en experiencias o informacion de otros paises, no siempre adaptables a la problematica local. En este trabajo presentamos varias experiencias de manejo en la Administracion de Parques Nacionales para exponer logros, dificultades y desafios a los que usualmente se enfrenta la gestion institucional. Encontramos que: a) ante recursos escasos es importante generar herramientas de priorizacion efectivas y redes de trabajo; b) es imprescindible involucrar a la comunidad en las acciones de manejo; c) se requieren investigaciones aplicadas al manejo especifico; y d) es necesario una detallada planificacion previa y un monitoreo de las acciones ejecutadas y de sus resultados, basados en informacion tecnica de primer nivel, ya que son aspectos claves para un manejo exitoso. Finalmente, gestores e investigadores deben cerciorarse que los resultados de estas investigaciones aplicadas sean conocidos y comprendidos por los tomadores de decisiones y la opinion publica, para asegurar el apoyo a la gestion.

/pdf/manejo-de-especies-exoticas-invasoras-en-patagonia-argentina-52xazjxojd.pdf

Manejo de especies exóticas invasoras en Patagonia, Argentina: Priorización, logros y desafíos de integración entre ciencia y gestión identificados desde la Administración de Parques Nacionales

Las especies exoticas invasoras amenazan la biodiversidad Existen diferentes opciones para su manejo: prevencion, deteccion temprana, erradicacion, control, exclusion e incluso la “no accion” A mayor complejidad de manejo, mas informacion se requiere para ejecutarlo exitosamente Ademas, gestores e investigadores abordan la problematica con enfoques e intereses diferentes Mientras los primeros priorizan acciones de manejo, los segundos encuentran una oportunidad para estudiar aspectos basicos y/o teoricos, no siempre aplicados al manejo La gestion de estas especies ofrece una ocasion unica para que ambos grupos trabajen juntos en busca de beneficios mutuos Actualmente, las decisiones de manejo suelen basarse en experiencias o informacion de otros paises, no siempre adaptables a la problematica local En este trabajo presentamos varias experiencias de manejo en la Administracion de Parques Nacionales para exponer logros, dificultades y desafios a los que usualmente se enfrenta la gestion institucional Encontramos que: a) ante recursos escasos es importante generar herramientas de priorizacion efectivas y redes de trabajo; b) es imprescindible involucrar a la comunidad en las acciones de manejo; c) se requieren investigaciones aplicadas al manejo especifico; y d) es necesario una detallada planificacion previa y un monitoreo de las acciones ejecutadas y de sus resultados, basados en informacion tecnica de primer nivel, ya que son aspectos claves para un manejo exitoso Finalmente, gestores e investigadores deben cerciorarse que los resultados de estas investigaciones aplicadas sean conocidos y comprendidos por los tomadores de decisiones y la opinion publica, para asegurar el apoyo a la gestion

/pdf/invasive-alien-species-management-in-patagonia-argentina-2yxs9tl8c9.pdf

Invasive alien species management in Patagonia, Argentina: Prioritization, achievements and science-policy integration challenges identified by the National Parks Administration

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Manejo de especies exóticas invasoras en Patagonia, Argentina: Priorización, logros y desafíos de integración entre ciencia y gestión identificados desde la Administración de Parques Nacionales

Invasive alien species management in Patagonia, Argentina: Prioritization, achievements and science-policy integration challenges identified by the National Parks Administration