The purpose of this study was to test a conceptual model predicting children's externalizing behavior problems in kindergarten in a sample of children with alcoholic (n = 130) and nonalcoholic (n = 97) parents. The model examined the role of parents' alcohol diagnoses, depression, and antisocial behavior at 12-18 months of child age in predicting parental warmth/sensitivity at 2 years of child age. Parental warmth/sensitivity at 2 years was hypothesized to predict children's self-regulation at 3 years (effortful control and internalization of rules), which in turn was expected to predict externalizing behavior problems in kindergarten. Structural equation modeling was largely supportive of this conceptual model. Fathers' alcohol diagnosis at 12-18 months was associated with lower maternal and paternal warmth/sensitivity at 2 years. Lower maternal warmth/sensitivity was longitudinally predictive of lower child self-regulation at 3 years, which in turn was longitudinally predictive of higher externalizing behavior problems in kindergarten, after controlling for prior behavior problems. There was a direct association between parents' depression and children's externalizing behavior problems. Results indicate that one pathway to higher externalizing behavior problems among children of alcoholics may be via parenting and self-regulation in the toddler to preschool years.

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A conceptual model for the development of externalizing behavior problems among kindergarten children of alcoholic families: role of parenting and children's self-regulation.

The lack of significant treatment and prevention progress highlights the need for a more expanded strategy. Given the robust association between socioeconomic factors and obesity, combined with new ...

A new model of the role of psychological and emotional distress in promoting obesity: conceptual review with implications for treatment and prevention

Approaching the Adolescent-Headed Family: A Review of Teen Parenting

UNLABELLED Stress-induced pregnancy complications represent a significant cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality due to preterm labor, low-birth-weight babies, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and neuropsychological developmental delays of affected offspring. Psychosocial factors such as socioeconomic status, work status, marital status, level of education, access to prenatal care, substance abuse, ethnicity, cultural background, and quality of relationships with partners and parents have been identified as determinants of stress during pregnancy. The biopsychosocial model of health and disease aptly explains the interactions of these psychosocial factors in the genesis of stress-induced pregnancy complications. Prenatal screening and intervention for relevant biopsychosocial risk factors may be useful in preventing stress-related perinatal complications. TARGET AUDIENCE Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completing this CME activity, physicians should be better able to describe how stress is manifested biologically, discuss stress and its impact from the biopsychosocial model of health and disease, recognize how stress may lead to pregnancy complications such as preterm labor, preeclampsia, and low-birth-weight infants, explain how stress may impact the neuropsychological development of children whose mothers experienced perinatal stress, and demonstrate how prenatal screening and appropriate interventions may reduce perinatal stress and associated pregnancy complications.

Stress: Pregnancy Considerations

Patterns and predictors of father-infant engagement across race/ethnic groups.

This study tested the hypothesis that risk factors associated with the occurrence of adolescent fatherhood would predict the parental functioning of adolescent fathers and their partners as well as the quality of their co-parental relationship. Prior to the birth of their first child, we assessed the behavioral functioning of expectant adolescent fathers. Twelve to 18 months postbirth, the Quality of Relationships Inventory (Pierce, 1994) was used to assess relationships between teen fathers and their partners. The Parenting Stress Index (Abidin, 1990) and the Parenting Behavior Checklist (Fox, 1990) were used to assess parental functioning among teen fathers and their partners. Data were collected from two demographically distinct samples (Salt Lake City, Utah, and Chicago, Illinois) to assess the generalizability of hypothesized relations between risk factors and parental functioning. For both samples of young fathers, the occurrence of antisocial behavior problems during or prior to their partners' pre...

The Transition to Parenthood Among Adolescent Fathers and Their Partners: Does Antisocial Behavior Predict Problems in Parenting?

This study examined relationship factors associated with parental dysfunction among young African American and Latino couples Parent dysfunction was defined in terms of parenting stress, child abuse potential, physically punitive behavior, and paternal disengagement Fathers who reported positive relations with their own parents and partners before childbirth reported more positive adjustments to parenthood at follow-up The quality of the prebirth partner relationship buffered the impact of a relationship breakup on a young father's adjustment to parenthood The quality of a mother's relationship with her parents was the best predictor of her adjustment to parenthood However, mothers who reported large declines in the quality of the partner relationship also reported high levels of parenting stress Clinical and policy implications of findings are discussed

The transition to parenthood among young African American and Latino couples: relational predictors of risk for parental dysfunction.

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The Transition to Parenthood Among Adolescent Fathers and Their Partners: Does Antisocial Behavior Predict Problems in Parenting?

The transition to parenthood among young African American and Latino couples: relational predictors of risk for parental dysfunction.