https://eml.berkeley.edu/~powell/e242_f04/aradillas-lopez1.pdf

Semiparametric estimation of a simultaneous game with incomplete information

[1] Magnetic separators are important locations of three-dimensional magnetic reconnection. They are field lines that lie along the edges of four flux domains and represent the intersection of two separatrix surfaces. Since the intersection of two surfaces produces an X-type structure, when viewed along the line of intersection, the global three-dimensional topology of the magnetic field around a separator is hyperbolic. It is therefore usually assumed that the projection of the magnetic field lines themselves onto a two-dimensional plane perpendicular to a separator is also hyperbolic in nature. In this paper, we use the results of a three-dimensional MHD experiment of separator reconnection to show that, in fact, the projection of the magnetic field lines in a cut perpendicular to a separator may be either hyperbolic or elliptic and that the structure of the magnetic field projection may change in space, along the separator, as well as in time, during the life of the separator. Furthermore, in our experiment, we find that there are both spatial and temporal variations in the parallel component of current (and electric field) along the separator, with all high parallel current regions (which are associated with reconnection) occurring between counterrotating flow regions. Importantly, reconnection occurs not only at locations where the structure of the projected perpendicular magnetic field is hyperbolic but also where it is elliptic.

/pdf/structure-of-magnetic-separators-and-separator-reconnection-vvc0epql74.pdf

Structure of magnetic separators and separator reconnection

In this paper we investigate how to represent and reason about legal abrogations and annulments in Defeasible Logic. We examine some options that embed in this setting, and in similar rule-based systems, ideas from belief and base revision. In both cases, our conclusion is negative, which suggests to adopt a different logical model. This model expresses temporal aspects of legal rules, and distinguishes between two main timelines, one internal to a given temporal version of the legal system, and another relative to how the legal system evolves over time. Accordingly, we propose a temporal extension of Defeasible Logic suitable to express this model and to capture abrogation and annulment. We show that the proposed framework overcomes the difficulties discussed in regard to belief and base revision, and is sufficiently flexible to represent many of the subtleties characterizing legal abrogations and annulments.

Changing legal systems: legal abrogations and annulments in Defeasible Logic

This paper examines the impact of very high population densities and agricultural intensification on farm diversity and food security. Geertz and other researchers have suggested that intensification is likely to lead to crop specialization and a loss of diversity. Others, especially for Africa, have argued that intensification maintains or even increases agro-diversity. The case of Hamisi, in western Kenya, one of the most densely populated areas in all of rural Africa, supports the latter scenario. Farmers engage in a wide variety of sophisticated practices that maintain exceptionally high levels of agro-diversity. Their farming system includes complex patterns of intercropping, polyvariety, an emphasis on multi-purpose crops, and the close integration of crops and livestock. Despite this agro-diversity, we find that the intense population pressure in Hamisi has resulted in such small landholdings that diet quality and food security are seriously jeopardized. Despite the diversity of their farms, most families are highly dependent on market purchases and they consume very limited quantities of nutritionally dense foods, especially protein.

Intensive farming, agro-diversity, and food security under conditions of extreme population pressure in western Kenya

This report presents a review of economic studies for the United States and relates them to predicted impacts of climate change. The summary findings are organized by region and identify the key sectors likely affected by climate change, the main impacts to be expected, as well as estimates of costs. The report builds on the 2000 Global Change Research Program National Assessment, using additional regional and local studies, as well as new calculations derived from federal, state and industry data sources. From this review and quantification, five key lessons emerge: 1. Economic impacts of climate change will occur throughout the country. 2. Economic impacts will be unevenly distributed across regions and within the economy and society. 3. Negative climate impacts will outweigh benefits for most sectors that provide essential goods and services to society. 4. Climate change impacts will place immense strains on public sector budgets. 5. Secondary effects of climate impacts can include higher prices, reduced income and job losses.

The US Economic Impacts of Climate Change and the Costs of Inaction

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