Extracellular vesicles as antigen carriers for novel vaccination avenues

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is known for high relapse rates despite resection in early stages. Here, we present the results of a phase I clinical trial in which a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine targeting patient-individual neoantigens is evaluated in patients with resected NSCLC. Vaccine manufacturing is feasible in six of 10 enrolled patients. Toxicity is limited to grade 1-2 adverse events. Systemic T cell responses are observed in five out of six vaccinated patients, with T cell responses remaining detectable up to 19 months post vaccination. Single-cell analysis indicates that the responsive T cell population is polyclonal and exhibits the near-entire spectrum of T cell differentiation states, including a naive-like state, but excluding exhausted cell states. Three of six vaccinated patients experience disease recurrence during the follow-up period of 2 years. Collectively, these data support the feasibility, safety, and immunogenicity of this treatment in resected NSCLC. 

Neoantigen-targeted dendritic cell vaccination in lung cancer patients induces long-lived T cells exhibiting the full differentiation spectrum.

Biosensors based on the electrochemical method offer unique advantages useful for portable application. Individual components of electrochemical biosensors comprise sensor element, bioreceptor molecules, bioaffinity layer/cross linking agents interfacing the sensor substrate, and bioreceptor and passivation layer. For disposable point-of-care diagnosis, cost-efficient carbon/paper-based screen-printed electrodes and lateral flow assays are largely explored. Unlike classical enzymes or antibodies, synthetic nucleic acids, biomimetics, and molecular imprinted polymers are the emerging modern bioreceptors for durable and cost-efficient commercial sensor application. This chapter introduces the basic concepts on safety aspects related to common in vitro diagnostics relating the WHO standards. It highlights the necessity of biocompatibility of sensor components against bioreceptors and the role of sensors in immune response correlating the infectious disease diagnosis and probing antibodies. Further, the role of the emerging internet of things, machine learning tools, and data science-related intervention that is desired in customization of advanced biosensor devices including clinical implementation study designs are also discussed. 

Commercialization and safety aspects of biosensing technologies

13 – Cancer Vaccines

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13 – Cancer Vaccines