/pdf/cost-projections-for-utility-scale-battery-storage-2021-1i933tumr7.pdf

Cost Projections for Utility-Scale Battery Storage: 2021 Update

The electric power industry is facing unprecedented transformations and challenges with the implementation of the smart grids. This new grid paradigm has arisen to build a flexible electric power system that better coordinates energy resources and loads aiming at efficiently delivering sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies. As a part of the smart grids (SGs), microgrids (MGs) have been developed to exploit the full benefits from the integration of distributed energy resources, especially distributed renewable generation based on variable and intermittent sources, such as wind and solar. Nevertheless, meeting all these goal requires the implementation of innovative energy storage technologies integrated with high efficiency and very fast response electronic power conditioning systems to interface with the electrical grid. Power electronics systems play a key role in regulating the raw energy from energy storage systems (ESSs) and connecting to the electrical grid. Hence, this paper performs a comprehensive analysis of major technologies in electrical energy storage systems and their electronic interface for applications in smart grids. The work provides a complete study of the technology profile of both energy storage and power electronics suitable for applications in the evolving grid.

Energy Storage and Power Electronics Technologies: A Strong Combination to Empower the Transformation to the Smart Grid

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) periodically develops an assessment of the state of the climate. The report was developed in 2012, including a new section on climate adaptation. The report integrates perspectives from several historically distinct research communities studying climate science, climate impacts, adaptation to climate change, and disaster risk management. Climate extremes, exposure, and vulnerability are influenced by a wide range of factors, including anthropogenic climate change, natural climate variability, and socio-economic development. The impacts of climate extremes and the potential for disasters result from the climate extremes themselves and from the exposure and vulnerability of human and natural systems. Economic losses from weather- and climate-related disasters have increased, but with large spatial and inter-annual variability. Adaptation to climate change and disaster risk management provides a range of complementary approaches for managing the risks of climate extremes and disasters.

IPCC, 2012: Summary for Policymakers : Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation

The Paris Agreement’s 2 °C objective requires that more than 80% of all proven fossil fuel reserves become stranded resources, and investments in such resources may become stranded assets for industrialized and developing countries. The literature scarcely covers the implications of stranded assets and resources for ‘latecomers’ to development. Hence, we address the question: What does a literature review of stranded resources and stranded assets in a diversity of fields imply for latecomers to development in the fields of climate change and global sustainable development? We find seven dimensions in the literature: (i) Spatial: where first comers use their own resources and resources of other countries for their own development leaving little environmental utilization space for latecomers to develop; (ii) Technological: when first comers ‘dump’ older technologies (stranded assets) on latecomers; (iii) Economic: when first comers avoid paying compensation for damage caused to latecomers or for the stranding of resources in latecomer countries; and first comers may potentially also indirectly transfer their soon to be worthless shares on latecomers; (iv) Ecological: when knowledge from first comers may prevent latecomers from using their resources/ or may accelerate the rate at which their resources and assets become stranded; (v) Political: when first comers refuse to take environmental action claiming that latecomers are not doing so; while latecomers may claim that first comers should take action first; (vi) Legal/Policy: when investments in resources and assets in a globalizing world involve long-term contracts protected under private law may cause policy freezing and liabilities in latecomers; and (vii) Social: when latecomers adopt different notions on development than first comers. Latecomers need to be sensible in deciding which resources to develop to avoid carbon lock-in and whether phasing-in renewables could avoid creating stranded assets in the first place.

Stranded assets and stranded resources: Implications for climate change mitigation and global sustainable development

https://www.cell.com/joule/pdf/S2542-4351(20)30557-2.pdf

The Value of Inter-Regional Coordination and Transmission in Decarbonizing the US Electricity System

/pdf/regional-energy-deployment-system-reeds-model-documentation-5cw858mrle.pdf

Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) Model Documentation: Version 2020

/pdf/regional-energy-deployment-system-reeds-model-documentation-5egm0750rp.pdf

Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) Model Documentation: Version 2019

/pdf/electrification-futures-study-operational-analysis-of-u-s-3jrlpuzi29.pdf

Electrification Futures Study: Operational Analysis of U.S. Power Systems with Increased Electrification and Demand-Side Flexibility

/pdf/renewable-electricity-insights-for-the-coming-decade-1f5sqslohs.pdf

Renewable Electricity: Insights for the Coming Decade

/pdf/advancing-system-flexibility-for-high-penetration-renewable-t1veinewgy.pdf

Advancing System Flexibility for High Penetration Renewable Integration (Chinese Translation)

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