mRNA-based drugs have tremendous potential as clinical treatments, however, a major challenge in realizing this drug class will promise to develop methods for safely delivering the bioactive agents with high efficiency and without activating the immune system. With regard to mRNA vaccines, researchers have modified the mRNA structure to enhance its stability and promote systemic tolerance of antigenic presentation in non-inflammatory contexts. Still, delivery of naked modified mRNAs is inefficient and results in low levels of antigen protein production. As such, lipid nanoparticles have been utilized to improve delivery and protect the mRNA cargo from extracellular degradation. This advance was a major milestone in the development of mRNA vaccines and dispelled skepticism about the potential of this technology to yield clinically approved medicines. Following the resounding success of mRNA vaccines for COVID-19, many other mRNA-based drugs have been proposed for the treatment of a variety of diseases. This review begins with a discussion of mRNA modifications and delivery vehicles, as well as the factors that influence administration routes. Then, we summarize the potential applications of mRNA-based drugs and discuss further key points pertaining to preclinical and clinical development of mRNA drugs targeting a wide range of diseases. Finally, we discuss the latest market trends and future applications of mRNA-based drugs. 

mRNA-based vaccines and therapeutics: an in-depth survey of current and upcoming clinical applications

Nanobiotechnology is the integration of nanotechnology with biotechnology, with a specific emphasis on the utilisation of nanoscale techniques in biological systems. Nanobiotechnology significantly contributes to the field of drug delivery by utilising nanoscale materials, such as nanoparticles and liposomes, to enhance the effectiveness of medications. Nanoparticles possess a reduced size and altered properties that provide accurate drug localisation, regulated release, and enhanced bioavailability. This offers distinctive resolutions to challenges encountered in conventional drug administration techniques. Herein we highlight the significance of achieving optimal drug delivery and subsequently explore the potential of biotechnology to address these challenges. We explore contemporary methodologies, including the utilisation of nanotechnology for targeted drug delivery. Additionally, we discuss intelligent drug delivery systems, including those that are triggered by specific inputs or guided by artificial intelligence. The development of biodegradable implants, the use of artificial intelligence for personalised treatment, and the creation of microbes for the administration of drugs are also discussed. The chapter includes coverage of cutting-edge technology such as 3D printing for the customisation of medication forms and continuous monitoring devices, highlighting the important ethical inquiries and safety hazards linked to these novel methods. Finally, it provides a concise overview of the key progress made and anticipated breakthroughs in drug delivery that have the potential to transform healthcare. 

Drug Delivery in Biotechnology: Present and Future

We present a class of programmable polymer nanoparticles capable of intravenous pDNA delivery with ~350,000-fold enhancement of specificity to the lung by qPCR in mice. Molecular level insight of these...

Predictive Design of Multimonomeric Polyelectrolytes Enables Lung-Specific Gene Delivery

The success of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 has fueled significant global interest in the development of mRNA vaccines against other infectious diseases and cancer. The COVID-19 pandemic has also highlighted the complex and fragmented nature of the intellectual property landscape relating to mRNA vaccines. 2022 has also seen the first significant patent infringement cases relating to mRNA vaccines. This article examines the types of patents that protect key aspects of mRNA vaccine technology and considers the impact of the existing IP landscape and recent patent litigation on future mRNA vaccine development. 

https://www.insights.bio/Content/Download?fileName=attachments%2FLambrix%201018609vac2022029.pdf&postId=2933&articleId=2569

mRNA Vaccines: a growing and complex IP landscape

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mRNA Vaccines: a growing and complex IP landscape