As part of our graphics research into virtual worlds, we are building a tool for an architect and his client to use for rapid prototyping of buildings by visually “walking through” them in order to refine specifications.Our first prototype simulated the new UNC Computer Science building with some 8000 polygons. BSP-tree software on the Adage Ikonas gave a colored, shaded perspective view every 3-5 seconds while the user moved a cursor in real-time over floorplans shown on the Vector-General 3300.The current (third) version uses Pixel-Planes to generate 9 updates/second, view images shown 4' x 6' by projector.Active short- and long-term research questions include speed-up, stereo, a 6-DoF interface with eye-level defaults, and an interactive model-building, model-changing system.

Walkthrough - a dynamic graphics system for simulating virtual buildings.

As molecular scientists have made progress in their ability to engineer nanoscale molecular structure, we face new challenges in our ability to engineer molecular dynamics (MD) and flexibility. Dynamics at the molecular scale differs from the familiar mechanics of everyday objects because it involves a complicated, highly correlated, and three-dimensional many-body dynamical choreography which is often nonintuitive even for highly trained researchers. We recently described how interactive molecular dynamics in virtual reality (iMD-VR) can help to meet this challenge, enabling researchers to manipulate real-time MD simulations of flexible structures in 3D. In this article, we outline various efforts to extend immersive technologies to the molecular sciences, and we introduce "Narupa," a flexible, open-source, multiperson iMD-VR software framework which enables groups of researchers to simultaneously cohabit real-time simulation environments to interactively visualize and manipulate the dynamics of molecular structures with atomic-level precision. We outline several application domains where iMD-VR is facilitating research, communication, and creative approaches within the molecular sciences, including training machines to learn potential energy functions, biomolecular conformational sampling, protein-ligand binding, reaction discovery using "on-the-fly" quantum chemistry, and transport dynamics in materials. We touch on iMD-VR's various cognitive and perceptual affordances and outline how these provide research insight for molecular systems. By synergistically combining human spatial reasoning and design insight with computational automation, technologies such as iMD-VR have the potential to improve our ability to understand, engineer, and communicate microscopic dynamical behavior, offering the potential to usher in a new paradigm for engineering molecules and nano-architectures.

/pdf/interactive-molecular-dynamics-in-virtual-reality-from-1eavxgpkml.pdf

Interactive molecular dynamics in virtual reality from quantum chemistry to drug binding: An open-source multi-person framework.

Molecular Visualization on the Holodeck

A large variety of techniques has been developed to visualize vascular structures These techniques differ in the necessary preprocessing effort, in the computational effort to create the visualizations, in the accuracy with respect to the underlying image data and in the visual quality of the result In this overview, we compare 3D visualization methods and discuss their applicability for diagnosis, therapy planning and educational purposes We consider direct volume rendering as well as surface rendering

3D Visualization of Vasculature: An Overview

Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events☆

For the visualization of proteins, interaction with the displayed model is indispensible in order to understand the three-dimensional protein structure. Accordingly, an efficient design of the user interface including display and input devices is crucial. A large number of input devices, some in 2D, some in 3D, and a large variety of display devices exist, which are commonly used for exploring large-scale 3D data structures. Unfortunately, not all combinations of input and display devices work together in a suitable and useful manner, either because they are not capable of 3D input or because, for instance, they need a hard table surface to work properly, making their utility for 3D navigation impractical. For example, in a large-screen, stereoscopic environment, where user immersion and freedom of motion in the display space are required, such a device would bind the user too much to a fixed location.

Comparison of input devices and displays for protein visualization

This paper describes a system which allows the exploration of a detailed geometric 3D model of the cardiovascular tree in a scalable virtual environment in real time. Positioning a virtual camera inside the vascular structure for a virtual fly-through can provide a better understanding of the global structure. Vascular bifurcations of high curvature with acute angles and narrow pathways can be easily detected. Especially in a 3D environment, steering and navigation using traditional devices, such as keyboard and mouse, is not always intuitive. This article addresses this need and describes a novel approach to guided, interactive navigation utilizing a multi-functional gamepad for controlling camera and viewpoint.

Navigational Aspects of an Interactive 3D Exploration System for Cardiovascular Structures

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the number one killer in the United States. Although it is well known that CHD mainly occurs due to blocked arteries, there are contradictory results from studies designed to identify basic causes for this common disease is. To find out more about the true reason for CHD, virtual models can be employed to better understand the way the heart functions. With such a model, scientists and surgeons are able to analyze the effects of different treatment options, and ultimately find more suited ways to prevent coronary heart diseases. To investigate a given model, appropriate navigation methods are required, including suitable input devices. For the visualization, graphics cards originally designed for gaming applications are used; so, it is a just natural transition to adapt gaming input devices to a visualization system for controlling of the navigation. These devices are usually well designed with respect to ergonomics and durability, yielding more degrees of freedom in steering than two-dimensional input devices, such as desktop mice. This poster describes a visualization system that provides the user with advanced control devices for navigation enabling interactive exploration of the model. Force-feedback and sound effects provide additional cues.

/pdf/force-feedback-enhanced-navigation-for-interactive-2ey36mw0yn.pdf

Force-Feedback-Enhanced Navigation for Interactive Visualization of Coronary Vessels

Coronary heart diseases are the major cause of deaths in the United States as well as in most other countries. Approximately 16.7 million people die from heart diseases every year according to estimates of the World Health Organization (WHO). Recent studies show that common methods of treatment, such as bypass surgery, do not necessarily help to avoid coronary heart disease. Consequently, there is a need for a better understanding of the functionality of the heart. Here, virtual models depicting structure and/or operation of the heart can help. In the same way, visualization is required to aid in the analysis of these virtual models. In this paper, a method for generating a virtual geometric model of a vascular tree is described. The necessary data is either based on CT scans or on a simulation using statistical methods. The software allows to explore the geometric model interactively from an external view point, where different analysis options are available. Several examples are given to prove the usefulness of the visualization system and to demonstrate how it helps scientists to quantitatively analyze their models.

A Quantitative Analysis Tool for Cardiovascular Systems

Large-scale biomedical data sets of macromolecular structures such as DNA and proteins describe highly complex biomolecular entities which often consist of thousands of atoms and residues in large 3D strands of amino acids. Various types of abstract representations are used to display these data sets, ranging from traditional ball-and-stick models to feature-presenting cartoon models. Despite these abstractions, even the most simplified representations still generate a large amount of geometry data. Useful features are often difficult to recognize in the sheer amount of detail produced by the rendering software. Comparative visualization of various structures in any type of abstract representation is helpful for understanding the relation between function and structure, and prediction of properties of newly discovered proteins which might have an impact on drug design and better treatment options for diseases. We present a case study that uses high performance workstations and a virtual reality display system to process large amounts of geometry data for real-time 3D exploration, superimposition, and interactive navigational tasks in a virtual reality environment.

Interactive 3D protein structure visualization using virtual reality

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