Moringa is a genus of medicinal plants that has been used traditionally to cure wounds and various diseases such as colds and diabetes. In addition, the genus is also consumed as a source of nutrients and widely used for purifying water. The genus consists of 13 species that have been widely cultivated throughout Asia and Africa for their multiple uses. The purpose of this review is to provide updated and categorized information on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicological research of Moringa species in order to explore their therapeutic potential and evaluate future research opportunities. The literature reviewed for this paper was obtained from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar journal papers published from 1983 to March 2017. Moringa species are well-known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antihyperglycemic activities. Most of their biological activity is caused by their high content of flavonoids, glucosides, and glucosinolates. By documenting the traditional uses and biological activities of Moringa species, we hope to support new research on these plants, especially on those species whose biological properties have not been studied to date.

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Moringa Genus: A Review of Phytochemistry and Pharmacology.

The genus Moringa Adans. comprises 13 species, of which Moringa oleifera Lam. native to India and cultivated across the world owing to its drought and frost resistance habit is widely used in traditional phytomedicine and as rich source of essential nutrients. Wide spectrum of phytochemical ingredients among leaf, flower, fruit, seed, seed oil, bark, and root depend on cultivar, season, and locality. The scientific studies provide insights on the use of M. oleifera with different aqueous, hydroalcoholic, alcoholic, and other organic solvent preparations of different parts for therapeutic activities, that is, antibiocidal, antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardio-protective, hepato-protective, neuro-protective, tissue-protective, and other biological activities with a high degree of safety. A wide variety of alkaloid and sterol, polyphenols and phenolic acids, fatty acids, flavanoids and flavanol glycosides, glucosinolate and isothiocyanate, terpene, anthocyanins etc. are believed to be responsible for the pragmatic effects. Seeds are used with a view of low-cost biosorbent and coagulant agent for the removal of metals and microbial contamination from waste water. Thus, the present review explores the use of M. oleifera across disciplines for its prominent bioactive ingredients, nutraceutical, therapeutic uses and deals with agricultural, veterinarian, biosorbent, coagulation, biodiesel, and other industrial properties of this "Miracle Tree."

Biological, nutritional, and therapeutic significance of Moringa oleifera Lam

Solvent assisted extraction of oil from Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds

Unary and binary adsorption studies of lead and malachite green onto a nanomagnetic copper ferrite/drumstick pod biomass composite.

Moringa spp: Composition and bioactive properties

The seed oil of Egyptian Moringa peregrina (Forssk) was extracted with a mixture of dichloromethane/methanol (1:1, v/v). The oil was examined with respect to physicochemical properties, unsaponifiable (UnSap) and fatty acids profiles, tochopherols and phenolic contents, anticancer and antioxidant activities. Moringa oil (MO) showed a better overall quality, its acid, peroxide, iodine, saponification values were 0.02 mg KOH/g oil, 0.01 meq O2/kg oil, 67 I2 g/100 g oil and 177 mg KOH/g. The Un-Sap of MO was found to contain high amounts of hydrocarbon fraction C12 to C32 and phytoesterol fractions were found rich in campesteol, clerosterol and  sitosterol compounds. The major fatty acids were identified as oleic (C18:1 9, 65.36%) and linoleic (C18:3 6, 15.32%). Tocopherols and phenolic in oil accounted for 20.35 and 48.31 mg/100 g. The Moringa oil showed high growth inhibition against three human cancer cell lines, breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and colon carcinoma (HCT-116), with IC50 values of 2.92, 9.40 and 9.48 µg/ml, respectively. The MO showed remarkable antioxidant activity, compared with that of commonly used antioxidants (-tocopherol, BHT and BHA) as determined by five antioxidant assays (includes, free radical scavenging of DPPH, ABTS, . OH, anion-scavenging capability and reducing power. These results strongly suggested its potential use MO as non-conventional seed crop for high quality oil and as candidate in the area of natural anticancer and antioxidant compounds.

http://www.ijmsbr.com/Vol-2%20,Issue%207%20Paper%20(9).pdf

Characterization of Egyptian Moringa peregrine seed oil and its bioactivities

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Characterization of Egyptian Moringa peregrine seed oil and its bioactivities