An optical Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) pressure sensor loaded with arrays of silver nanorods (NRs) is proposed in this article. The illustrated sensor contains a straight waveguide coupled with a ladder-shaped resonator. The spectral profile of the proposed schematic is numerically analyzed utilizing the 2D Finite Element Method (FEM). When pressure is exerted upon the silver layer, the resonating area deforms and shifts the resonant wavelength. Extensive computations demonstrate that increasing the deformation shifts the resonant wavelength to the right, establishing a linear relationship. The suggested structure reports maximum pressure sensitivity of 25.4 nm/MPa. Moreover, the impact of NRs on pressure sensitivity is extensively investigated and the results indicate that the designed layout is sensitive to the size and radius of NRs, making it highly tunable. All these features make the modeled prototype a promising nanoscale solution in different fields of engineering.

Metal-insulator-metal waveguide-based optical pressure sensor embedded with arrays of silver nanorods.

In this paper, a refractive index sensor based on three circular rings coupled with a straight metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide is presented. At near-infrared (NIR) spectrum, the spectral characteristics of the sensor are extensively analyzed using the finite element method (FEM). Moreover, the refractive index sensing property is comprehensively investigated by altering the design parameters. The results show a maximum sensitivity of 3573.3 nm/RIU with a figure of merit of 21.9, which is suitable for gas-sensing applications. The proposed sensor has also displayed prominent tolerance against manufacturing defects. Furthermore, the sensor proves to be highly sensitive for the label-free detection of blood components and DNA hybridization.

Gas-sensing and label-free detection of biomaterials employing multiple rings structured plasmonic nanosensor

Multiple resonance modes in an optical absorber are necessary for nanophotonic devices and encounter a challenge in the visible range. This article designs a multiple-channel plasmonic metamaterial absorber (PMA) that comprises a hexagonal arrangement of metal-shell nanorods in a unit cell over a continuous thin metal layer, operating in the visible range of the sensitive refractive index (RI) and temperature applications. Finite element method simulations are utilized to investigate the physical natures, such as the absorptance spectrum, magnetic flux and surface charge densities, electric field intensity, and electromagnetic power loss density. The advantage of the proposed PMA is that it can tune either three or five absorptance channels with a narrowband in the visible range. The recorded sensitivity and figure of merit (S, FOM) for modes 1–5 can be obtained (600.00 nm/RIU, 120.00), (600.00 nm/RIU, 120.00 RIU−1), (600.00 nm/RIU, 120.00 RIU−1), (400.00 nm/RIU, 50.00 RIU−1), and (350.00 nm/RIU, 25.00 RIU−1), respectively. Additionally, the temperature sensitivity can simultaneously reach 0.22 nm/°C for modes 1–3. The designed PMA can be suitable for RI and temperature sensing in the visible range.

/pdf/visible-range-multiple-channel-metal-shell-rod-shaped-1hmenrid.pdf

Visible-Range Multiple-Channel Metal-Shell Rod-Shaped Narrowband Plasmonic Metamaterial Absorber for Refractive Index and Temperature Sensing

In this paper, quintuple Fano resonances are produced and numerically analyzed based on a plasmonic resonator system. The system is composed of an optical metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguide, a side-coupled disk, and a concentric-ring resonator. Five Fano resonances can be seen, which originate from the interaction of the cavity mode between the disk resonator and the concentric-ring resonator. The transmission spectrum shows that the Fano resonance can be independently tuned by changing different geometrical parameters, such as the outer radius or inner radius of the concentric-ring resonator. The refractive index sensitivity is 1250nm/RIU for FR5, and the figure of merit is 138.9 (RIU is a refractive index unit). It can also serve as a temperature sensor with a maximum sensitivity of about 0.4nm/ ∘ C. Moreover, for slow light, the maximum delay time is about 0.12 ps at FR3. The proposed nano-scale structure has a sharp Fano line shape and effective ways of tuning independently, which may have applications in slow light and nano-biosensing; for example, we show the application of the detection of different human blood types. 

Nanosensor and slow light based on quintuple Fano resonances in metal-insulator-metal waveguide coupled with concentric-rings resonator

In this article, we present an innovative plasmonic lab-on-chip (LoC) sensor featuring three ports, utilizing a $1\times2$ demultiplexer to detect two separate samples without cross-contamination. The performance of the sensor is numerically investigated using the finite element method (FEM), yielding a maximum sensitivity of 865.9 nm per refractive index unit (RIU) and a figure of merit (FOM) of 58.4 in the 700–920 nm range. The proposed metal–insulator–metal (MIM) structure, incorporating a diamond-shaped silicon nanodot array with a perimeter of less than 100 nm, serves as a sensing surface, detecting changes in the refractive index (RI) of the surrounding medium. Our suggested sensor demonstrates an extraordinary transmission coefficient (TC) of around −18-dB, it surpasses classical optics predictions, and its nanoscale light confinement enhances interaction with analytes. Our LoC sensor, based on the MIM structure, achieves high accuracy and precision in measuring small RI changes, making it portable and suitable for on-site applications, and settings with limited resources. This sensor streamlines medical processes by rapidly detecting blood groups and diabetes levels with minimal sample volume, potentially improving patient care efficiency.

A Novel Plasmonic MIM Sensor Using Integrated 1 × 2 Demultiplexer for Individual Lab-on-Chip Detection of Human Blood Group and Diabetes Level in the Visible to Near-Infrared Region

A metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguide coupled with two unequal vertical rectangular cavities optimized for high sensitivity is proposed in this study. Due to the interaction of the continuum and the discrete state in the waveguide mode, a Fano like profile is obtained in the transmission spectra, the shift of which is utilized to identify the material under sensing. In order to guarantee the maximum device performance, an optimization technique is imposed on the structural parameters, resulting in a maximum sensitivity of 2625.87 nm/RIU and figure of merit (FOM) of 26.04. The sensor has been exploited to determine the human blood group by using the refractive index model proposed for different blood groups A, B, and O. Furthermore, this structure can also be used as a temperature sensor with the temperature sensitivity of $$-1.04 \, \hbox {nm}/^\circ \hbox {C}$$
 . The excellent performance along with the blood sensing and temperature sensing capabilities of the device paves the way toward refractive index sensors that have not only been utilized in microchip processors but also a wide range of biomedical applications.

Highly sensitive refractive index sensor optimized for blood group sensing utilizing the Fano resonance

Numerical Investigation of Nanodots Implanted High-Performance Plasmonic Refractive Index Sensor

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Highly sensitive refractive index sensor optimized for blood group sensing utilizing the Fano resonance

Numerical Investigation of Nanodots Implanted High-Performance Plasmonic Refractive Index Sensor